This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
Malaria kills about one million people a year and sickens another two hundred fifty million. Most of the deaths are in young children in Africa. Malaria causes twenty percent of childhood deaths in Africa.
疟疾每年约导致100万人死亡，还导致2.5亿人患病。大部分的疟疾死亡病例都是非洲儿童。在非洲，20%的儿童死亡病例是因患疟疾。
People become infected when they are bitten by mosquitoes carrying the malaria parasite.
当人们被携带疟疾寄生虫的蚊子叮咬就会被传染。
A new study estimates the possibility of ending malaria in countries that have the deadliest form of the disease. Researchers found that this could be possible in most parts of the world within ten to fifteen years.
一项新的研究评估了在一些发生这种高致命疾病的国家消灭疟疾的可能性。研究人员发现，在未来的10到15年间，在全球大部分地区消灭该疾病是可能的。
What it would require, they say, is reducing the spread of malaria by ninety percent from two thousand seven rates.
他们表示，所要做的就是把疟疾从2007年的传播率水平上再降低90%。
An international team created mathematical models and maps of areas where the disease is gone or almost gone. Andrew Tatem, an assistant professor at the University of Florida, led the study. Professor Tatem says a number of things have helped countries successfully fight malaria.
一个国际团队创建了数字模型，并绘制了疟疾消亡或几乎消亡的区域图。佛罗里达大学助理教授安德鲁·塔特姆（Andrew Tatem）领导了该研这项研究。特姆表示，一系列因素帮助这些国家成功抗击疟疾。
ANDREW TATEM: " ... such as relatively low levels of malaria risk to start with, political stability, a good health system and low levels of population movement bringing in infections from elsewhere."
塔特姆：“例如，一开始就相对较低的疟疾风险，稳定的政治局势，良好的卫生体系，以及从其他地区传入病菌的人口流动率低。”
The study says malaria could be eliminated if countries are serious about using proven control measures. These include insecticides and bed nets.
该研究表明，如果各国认真采取已被验证的控制措施，疟疾是可以被消灭的。控制措施包括杀虫剂和蚊帐。
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation partly financed the research. The study appears in the Lancet medical journal in a series of reports on eliminating malaria.
比尔与梅琳达·盖茨基金会（The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation）为这项研究提供了部分资助。研究结果作为一系列消灭疟疾的报告的一部分，发表在《柳叶刀》医学期刊上。
Other malaria experts writing in the Lancet expressed concern about giving too much attention to eliminating malaria. They say such a goal could take many years, if it is possible at all. The concern is that resources for controlling malaria could be lost if the money is spent instead on trying to defeat it.
其他一些疟疾专家在《柳叶刀》上发文，对过多关注消灭疟疾的表达了担忧。他们表示，即使该目标完全可能实现，也需要很多年时间。让人担忧的是，如果资金都花在试图消灭疟疾上，那么，用于控制疟疾的资源可能就会相应减少。
Years of efforts to eliminate another disease, polio, have largely succeeded. Now, the World Health Organization says a new vaccine combination will help in the fight to end polio in countries where it is still found.
多年来，试图消灭另一种疾病，小儿麻痹症的努力也已取得重大成果。目前，世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）表示，一种新型的联合疫苗将有助在一些仍能发现该疾病的国家消灭小儿麻痹症。
That report, based on a study from India, also appears in the Lancet.
该报告基于一项来自印度的研究，也发表在《柳叶刀》上。
There are three kinds of polio virus. Vaccination campaigns normally use vaccines designed to protect against all three types.
小儿麻痹症有三种病毒。疫苗接种时，通常使用能够有效预防所有这三种病毒的疫苗。
But cases of the type two virus have not been seen in years. And the new study confirmed that the type two vaccine reduces the effectiveness of the other vaccines when given together.
但近来年并未发现Ⅱ型病毒病例。这项新的研究证实，如果同时使用，Ⅱ型病毒疫苗会降低其他两种疫苗的效果。
To avoid that problem, the new combination contains vaccine only for the type one and type three polio viruses.
为避免这个问题，新型联合疫苗只包含针对Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型小儿麻痹症病毒的疫苗。