This is the VOA Special English Education Report.
这里是VOA慢速英语教育报告。
An old problem is getting new attention in the United States: bullying. Recent cases included the tragic case of a fifteen-year-old girl whose family moved from Ireland.
一个老问题在美国重新得到重视：欺凌（1）。最新案件包括一位15岁的爱尔兰裔女孩的悲剧。
Phoebe Prince hanged herself in Massachusetts in January following months of bullying. Her parents criticized her school for failing to protect her. Officials have brought criminal charges against several teenagers.
今年1月，在遭受数月的欺凌后，Phoebe Prince在美国马萨诸塞州上吊自杀。她的父母指责学校对她疏于保护。相关官员已对一些青少年提起了刑事诉讼。
Judy Kuczynski is president of an anti-bullying group called Bully Police USA. Her daughter Tina was the victim of severe bullying starting in middle school in the state of Minnesota.
Judy Kuczynski是一家名为美国欺凌警察的反欺凌组织的主管。她的女儿Tina是明尼苏达州一起始于中学时期的严重欺凌事件的受害者。
JUDY KUCZYNSKI: "Our daughter was a very outgoing child. She was a bubbly personality, very involved in all kinds of things, had lots of friends. And over a period of time her grades fell completely. She started having health issues. She couldn't sleep. She wasn't eating. She had terrible stomach pains. She started clenching her jaw and grinding her teeth at night. Didn't want to go to school."
JUDY KUCZYNSKI：“我们的女儿是一个非常外向的孩子，天真活泼，积极参加各类活动，朋友众多。而一段时间之后，她的成绩急剧下滑，健康开始有问题。她睡不好，吃不好，还患有严重的胃通。晚上她牙关紧咬，磨牙。不想去上学。“
Bullying is defined as negative behavior repeated over time against the same person. It can involve physical violence. Or it can be verbal -- for example, insults or threats.
欺凌是指对同一人长期反复实施的消极行为。它可以是武力威胁，也可以是口头上 - 例如，侮辱或威胁。
Spreading lies about someone or excluding a person from a group is known as social or relational bullying.
散步谣言或排挤某人就是所谓的社交欺凌。
And now there is cyberbullying, which uses the Internet, e-mail or text messages. It has easy appeal for the bully because it does not involve face-to-face contact and it can be done at any time.
而现在出现了使用互联网、电子邮件或短信的网络欺凌。它对 欺凌者更具吸引力，因为它无需面对面接触，可以在任何时间进行。
The first serious research studies into bullying were done in Norway in the late nineteen seventies. The latest government study in the United States was released last year. It found that about one-third of students age twelve to eighteen were bullied at school.
19世纪70年代末期挪威第一次对欺凌进行了认真研究。美国政府最新的研究发表于去年，该研究发现，大约三分之一的12到18岁的学生在学校遭到欺凌。
Examples included being made fun of, pushed, spit on, threatened or excluded from activities. Some students had their property damaged. About four percent reported being the victims of cyberbullying. The study took place in two thousand seven.
案例包括在日常生活中被取笑、推搡、吐口水、威胁或排挤，有些学生的财物也受到破坏。据报告约4%是网络欺凌的受害者。这些研究（中的案例）发生于2007年。
Susan Swearer is a psychologist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and co-director of the Bullying Research Network. She says schools should treat bullying as a mental health problem to get bullies and victims the help they need. She says bullying is connected to depression, anxiety and anti-social behavior, and bullies are often victims themselves.
Susan Swearer是内布拉斯加州林肯大学的心理学家及欺凌研究网络的主管。她说，学校应将欺凌视为心理健康问题，使欺凌者与受害者都得到所需的帮助。她说，欺凌与抑郁，焦虑和反社会行为有关，欺凌者也是自身行为的受害者。
What can be done to prevent bullying? That will be our subject next week.
我们可以做些什么来防止欺凌行为？这将是我们下周讨论的主题。
注1：「欺凌」是指孩子们之间权力不平等的欺凌与压迫，它一直长期存在校园中，发生这些同侪间欺压的行为，可能包括肢体或言语的攻击、人际互动中的抗拒及排挤，也有可能是类似性骚扰般的谈论性或对身体部位的嘲讽、评论或讥笑。