This is the VOA Special English Education Report.
这里是VOA慢速英语教育报告。
Today we have the last of three reports on bullying. Last week we shared some of your comments on this issue. Now, we talk to a researcher who presented a study this week at the Pediatric Academic Societies meeting in Vancouver, Canada.
今天是关于欺凌的三篇报道中的最后一篇。上周，大家交流了对（欺凌）这个问题的看法。今天，我们将与一位研究员交流，这位研究员本周在加拿大温哥华召开的儿科学术协会会议上发表了他的研究。
Rashmi Shetgiri is a pediatrician at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center Dallas.
Rashmi Shetgiri是德州大学西南医疗中心和达拉斯儿童医疗中心的儿科医生。
RASHMI SHETGIRI: "There's about thirty percent of U.S. children are involved in bullying, and the latest numbers we have is about thirteen percent of them are bullies, eleven percent as victims and then six percent as both bullies and victims."
RASHMI SHETGIRI：“有大约百分之三十的美国儿童卷入欺凌（事件）。根据最新统计，其中有大约13%是欺凌者，11%是被欺凌者，还有6%则既是欺凌者又是被欺凌者。”
The new study led by Doctor Shetgiri shows that parents could help prevent bullying by improving communication and involvement with their children. The study identified factors that seem to increase or decrease the risk that a child will be a bully.
Shetgiri博士的最新研究表明，父母可以通过与子女多沟通多互动来防止欺凌行为的发生。该研究认为这个似乎是提高或降低一个孩子成为欺凌者的风险的因素。
RASHMI SHETGIRI: "Children who have emotional or developmental problems or who have mothers who have poor mental health are more likely to be bullies. And older children and children who live in homes where their primary language is not English, and also children who complete all their homework, are less likely to be bullies."
RASHMI SHETGIRI：“孩子有情绪或成长问题，或母亲精神状况欠佳的孩子更容易成为欺凌者。大一点的孩子、家庭主要语言非英语的孩子，及完成所有功课的孩子，不太可能成为欺凌者。”
Another difference: The study found that African-American and Latino children were more likely to be bullies compared to white children.
另一个不同之处：研究发现非洲裔和拉丁裔儿童与白人儿童相比，更容易成为欺凌者。
For the study, the researchers used the two thousand seven National Survey of Children's Health. Parents of children age ten to seventeen were asked whether their child bullies or is cruel or mean to others.
在这项研究中，研究人员参照了2007年全国儿童健康调查。这项调查了调查了年龄在10至17岁之间的儿童的父母，他们的孩子的是否是欺凌者,是否不近人情或对他人态度恶劣。
Not surprisingly, how a parent acts may also influence whether or not a child becomes a bully.
毫不奇怪，父母的行为也可能影响一个孩子是否成为欺凌者。
RASHMI SHETGIRI:"We found that parents who frequently get angry with their children and feel that the children often do things that bother them a lot are much more likely to have a child who becomes a bully. And that parents who share ideas with their children and talk with them and who've met most of their child's friends are much less likely to have children who become bullies."
RASHMI SHETGIRI：“我们发现，经常对子女生气，觉得孩子惹事的父母，他们的孩子更可能成为欺凌者。而经常与孩子沟通交流，见过孩子多数朋友的父母，他们的孩子则不太可能成为欺凌者。
University of Nebraska psychologist Susan Swearer says communication between students and teachers can also reduce bullying. She says studies have shown improvement when students are taught about bullying and respectful behavior. Some programs also try to get people to intervene to stop bullying.
内布拉斯加大学的心理学家Susan Swearer称，学生与教师的沟通也可以减少欺凌。她说，研究表明当学生被教育关于欺凌与尊重行为时，情况会有所改善。有的方案还试图让人们进行干预以制止欺凌。
SUSAN SWEARER: "And a lot of these bullying prevention and intervention programs that focus on bystanders have been shown to be the effective programs because they focus on changing that bystander behavior. So instead of watching bullying take place or joining in with the bullying, these programs teach bystanders how to stand up and be supportive of the kids who are being victimized and to say 'You know we don't do that here, we don't engage in those behaviors.'"
苏珊SWEARER：“众多重点针对旁观者的预防和干预欺凌的方案，被证明行之有效。因为他们注重改变这种旁观者行为。这些方案告诉旁观者如何站出来支持受害者，并说 “我们不要这样做，我们不参与这种行为。”而不是旁观或加入欺凌。
Professor Swearer advises parents and teachers to try to get children to talk to them about being bullied. Otherwise a child could feel hopeless and helpless to do anything about it.
Swearer教授呼吁家长及教师尽量让孩子们与他们主动沟通被欺凌的事。否则孩子可能会感到无望，认为做什么事都无助于（解决）欺凌。