这里是美国之音慢速英语健康和生活报道。
It is back-to-school time in the United States. Back-to-school stress is different for different ages. Younger children may feel scared to leave their families. Making new friends and dealing with bullying can also cause stress for students. Older students may stress about their appearances, grades and getting into college.
现在是美国开学返校的时间。不同年龄学生面临的返校压力是不同的。年龄较小的孩子可能会害怕离开家人。结交新朋友以及应对欺凌也会给学生造成压力。年龄较大的学生可能会对自己的外表、成绩或是升学有压力。
School events and programs can help reduce stress
学校活动和课程可以帮助减轻压力
Many schools have events and programs that can help to cut down on student stress. Some offer open houses. At these events, parents can meet the teachers and see where their children are learning.
很多学校都有可以帮助学生减压的活动和课程。有些学校提供开放日。在这些活动中，家长可以见到老师并看到他们的孩子在哪学习。
At the start of a school year, many schools invite students and their families to orientations. These events give everyone a chance to become more familiar with the environment. Families can practice their school commute. Students can find out where their classrooms are located.
在新学年开始时，很多学校会邀请学生及其家人参加迎新会。这些活动让每个人都有机会更加熟悉环境。各个家庭可以练习他们的上学通勤。学生们可以找到他们的教室在哪。
The American Psychological Association says parents can better help their children if they meet teachers and classmates and know the daily routine and school environment.
美国心理学会表示，如果家长们见到了老师和同学，并且了解了日常生活和学校环境，他们就能更好地帮助孩子。
For younger children, seeing their parents in their classroom can help make it seem more familiar. And even older students can benefit from events and activities that make the school seem like a friendly place.
对年龄较小的孩子来说，看到家长走进他们的教室有助于让教室看起来更熟悉。甚至年龄较大的学生也能从中受益，这会让学校看起来更加友好。
Making connections in the classroom
在教室中建立人际关系
Many schools have mentoring programs. In these programs, older students help younger ones understand the rules and culture of the school.
很多学校都有指导课程。在这些课程中，年龄较大的学生帮助年龄较小的学生了解学校的规章和文化。
Communicating with students is also good advice for teachers.
与学生交流也是对老师的一项好建议。
Mary Anne Aidala began teaching in the New York school system in 1962. She retired 39 years later, in 2001. Ms. Aidala suggests that teachers share details about themselves.
玛丽·安妮·艾达拉（Mary Anne Aidala）于1962年开始在纽约教育系统任教，然后在39年之后的2001年退休。艾达拉女士建议教师们详细介绍自己。
These personal conversations can help to create meaningful connections in the classroom. They can also reduce nervousness and stress among the students. Ms. Aidala adds that teachers should also invite children to talk about their families and describe what they did over the summer.
这类个人对话可以帮助在教室中建立有意义的人际关系。它们还能减轻学生们的紧张和压力。艾达拉女士补充说，教师们还应该请孩子们谈论他们的家庭，并描述他们在夏天都干了些什么。
"Well, the teacher has to be very open. The teacher has to tell them something also about herself, so they feel a connection. And then you can ask them if they want to share some of the things that they did in July and August with their families or friends, or camp experiences, activities that they were in and places that they might have visited."
艾达拉女士说：“教师们必须非常坦率。老师还必须告诉他们一些关于自己的事情，这样学生们就会感觉亲切。然后你可以询问他们是否想要分享他们在七八月份跟亲朋好友做过的一些事情，或是露营经历、他们参加的活动以及他们可能去过的地方。”
The American Psychological Association also reminds parents to talk to their children. Ask them what they liked about their past school experiences. And then find ways to have similar experiences in the new school year.
美国心理学会也提醒父母跟子女交流。问问他们对以前上学经历的喜好，然后在新学年想办法获得类似经历。
The APA adds that, sometimes, stress of the school year is too much for you and your child to handle on your own. If that happens, find a mental health professional to talk to.
美国心理学会补充说，有时候学年压力对你和你的孩子自行处理来说过于沉重。如果发生这种情况，找一位心理健康专业人士来谈谈。
Don't schedule to many activities for your children
不要给孩子安排过多活动
Carrie Anne Tocci is an educational expert who has worked with families to help their children to succeed in school.
凯莉·安妮·图奇（Carrie Anne Tocci）是一名协同家人帮助孩子学业有成的教育专家。
Ms. Tocci advises parents to:
图奇女士建议家长：
not over-schedule your child with extracurricular activities
不要给孩子过度安排课外活动
use technology to remind you of events and to keep schedules organized
使用科技手段提醒自己让活动安排有序
and to set clear goals
并制定明确目标。
"Well, starting the new school year, we want to be mindful about not overloading our schedule. So, only the extracurricular activities that are mandatory. I also recommend using technology when it's helpful, you might want to use the reminders app on your phone and your child's phone, maybe Google Calendar, sync your phone with Google Calendar ... and to have specific goals and to visualize those goals with your child."
图奇女士说：“那么我需要提醒大家，从新学年开始不要过度安排日程，只参加强制性的课外活动。我还建议采用有效的科技手段，你可能会想要使用你自己或孩子手机上的提醒应用程序，像是谷歌日历，将你的手机与谷歌日历同步。另外还要制定具体目标，并跟孩子一起想象这些目标。”
Ms. Tocci also suggests that if someone in the family has a learning style close to that of the student, that person could help with homework. This relationship may help cut down on stress.
图奇女士还建议，如果家中有人跟孩子的学习风格接近，那么这个人就可以辅导孩子的家庭作业。这种关系可能有助于减轻压力。
Take a break!
休息片刻！
Everyone needs a break from work. Family meals and outings can help everyone relax. A family game night or walk in a park together can give parents and children a chance to have fun as a family.
每个人都需要在工作间隙休息一会。家庭聚餐和郊游可以帮助大家放松身心。家庭游戏之夜或是在公园一起散步可以让家长和孩子有机会共享天伦之乐。
Education adviser Carrie Anne Tocci also reminds parents to let their children take a break while doing homework. She says if a student has hours of homework to complete, taking several 10-minute breaks can reduce stress.
教育顾问图奇女士还建议家长让孩子在做功课时休息一会。她说，如果一个学生需要完成几个小时的功课，可以进行几次为时十分钟的休息以减轻压力。
Ms. Tocci adds that taking breaks while studying can help a student remember, or retain, what they have learned.
图奇女士补充说，在学习时休息可以帮助学生记住他们学过的内容。
"It's really, really important to take breaks. If you don't take breaks, we're more likely to create more stress. And research shows you're more likely to retain information that way."
她说：“休息真的非常重要。如果不休息，我们可能就会更有压力。研究表明，休息也会让你更可能记住东西。”
The teenagers who responded to the APA survey listed the ways they like to unwind or relax. The top most common ways are:
参与美国心理学会调查的青少年们列出了他们喜欢的放松方式。最常见的办法就是：
listening to music (67%)
听音乐(67%)
playing video games (46%)
玩游戏（46%）
going online (43%)
上网（43%）
spending time with family or friends (43%)
和亲朋好友聚会（43%）
exercising or walking (37%)
锻炼或是散步（37%）
And that's the Health & Lifestyle report.
以上就是本期美国之音慢速英语健康和生活报道的全部内容。
I'm Anna Matteo.
我是安娜·马特奥。(51VOA.COM对本文翻译保留全部权利，未经授权请勿转载，违者必究！)