From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
Many people say they cannot start their day without first having a cup of coffee or tea. People say these drinks help them think clearly and feel more awake. This is because of caffeine, a substance found in some plants. Caffeine helps to give a jump start to the nervous system.
许多人说，如果不先喝杯咖啡或茶，他们就没法开始新的一天。人们说这些饮品可以帮助他们更清晰地思考并感觉更清醒。这是因为咖啡因这种存在于某些植物中的物质。咖啡因有助于启动神经系统。
Now, a report says it may also improve long-term memory. The report was published earlier this year in the journal Nature Neuroscience.
目前，一份新的报告称，咖啡因还能改善长期记忆。这份报告今年早些时候发表在《自然神经科学》杂志上。
Mike Yassa is a neurobiology professor at the University of California, Irvine. He and other researchers wanted to know if caffeine could improve what they called memory consolidation.
迈克尔·雅萨（Michael Yassa）是加州大学尔湾分校的一名神经生物学教授。他和其他研究人员想要搞懂咖啡因是否有助于改善他们所谓的记忆固化。
They asked a group of individuals to learn something new. Then, the same people were given caffeine, the active ingredient in coffee, tea and chocolate. Professor Yassa explains.
他们让一群人记住一些新东西，然后服用了咖啡因，咖啡、茶和巧克力都含有这种活性成分。雅萨教授作出了解释。
"So after you learn anything, it takes some time for that memory to strengthen and become resistant to forgetting. And over the first 24 hours is actually where most of the forgetting happens. So that is where we wanted to intervene with caffeine and see if we can help reduce this forgetting to some extent."
他说，“在你学习任何东西之后需要一段时间让这段记忆强化并防止遗忘。遗忘多数发生在最初的24个小时。所以我们希望用咖啡因对此做出干预，看看我们是否能在某种程度上帮助减少这种遗忘。”
He and the other researchers worked with a group of 160 people who were caffeine-free. On the first day, all the subjects were shown pictures of everyday objects. They were asked to identify whether the pictures could be found inside the house or outdoors. Some of the subjects were then given a caffeine pill. The others were given a placebo - a pill containing an inactive substance.
他和其他研究人员同160位无咖啡因嗜好的人进行了实验。第一天，他们给所有实验对象展示了日常用品的图片，并要求实验对象辨别该图片是否可以在屋内或户外找到。然后一些实验对象服用了咖啡因药片，其余人服用了安慰剂，这是指无活性成分的药片。
On the second day, all of the subjects were asked to look at more pictures. Some of the images were exactly like the ones they had seen 24 hours early. But other images were different. And a third group of pictures was similar to the first group but a little different. The participants had to decide whether the images they saw were the same or different from the ones on the first day.
第二天，他们让所有实验对象看了更多图片。这些图片有些和他们24小时前看到的完全一样，但另一些则不一样。而第三组图片和第一组图片类似但有少许不同。参与者必须判断他们看到的这些图片和他们第一天看到的一样还是不同。
Professor Yassa says their answers helped to show the effects of caffeine on memory.
雅萨教授表示，他们的回答有助于展示咖啡因对记忆的影响。
"When they actually had to make a memory judgment and say, 'Is this the same item I have seen before or not?' that was a really important bit of information for us. And we find that if they are on caffeine they are much more likely to make the right decision."
他说，“他们不得不做出一种记忆判断，并回答‘这个我之前看过还是没看过？’这对我们来说是非常重要的一点。我们发现，如果他们服用了咖啡因，他们更容易做出正确的判断。”
He says those who took the caffeine pills had a ten to twelve percent increase in their ability to remember the objects. The amount of caffeine the researchers used in the study was similar to one strong cup of coffee.
他说，服用了咖啡因药片者记住这些物体的能力提高了10%到12%。研究人员使用的咖啡因用量近似于一杯浓咖啡。
Professor Yassa says pills with a little more coffeine also increased memory, but resulted in some participants appearing more nervous.
雅萨教授表示，咖啡因含量略高的药片也增强了记忆，但导致了一些参与者表现得更紧张。(51VOA.COM对本文翻译保留全部权利，未经授权请勿转载，违者必究！)