对手术团队培训以加强手术沟通,避免医疗事故。

    This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
    这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。 

    No one wants a pilot to make a mistake. This is why flight crews are trained in teamwork and communication. Now a study finds hospitals that trained their

    operating room teams had a lower rate of surgical deaths than other hospitals.
    大家都不希望飞行员犯错。这就是机组人员要接受团队协作和沟通培训的原因。目前,一项研究发现,手术团队经过训练的医院死亡率要低于其他医院。

    SURGEON: "We'll need a patch in the room, is there a patch available?"
    外科医生:“我们手术室将需要一个补片(医疗术语),有合适的吗?”

    This team has been trained to communicate about the operation and the patient before, during and after the surgery.
    该团队接受了就手术和病人,在术前、术中、术后进行沟通的培训。

    SURGEON: "Are there any concerns or questions from the team? Anybody? No?"
    外科医生:“大家有没有什么担忧或问题?没人有吗?都没有吗?”

    The study involved more than one hundred American veterans hospitals. Some had taken part in a program of medical team training.
    该研究涉及了100多所美国退伍军人医院,一些医院参加过医疗团队培训项目。

    Researcher Julia Neily, a Veterans Administration nurse, says the training seeks to empower each team member, including technicians.
    研究员茱莉娅·内里(Julia Neily)是退伍军人管理局的一名护士,她称,培训旨在激发团队中每个人包括技术人员的能力。

    JULIA NEILY: "One of the key elements here was flattening the hierarchy in the operating room so that everybody, the scrub tech, the nurse, the surgeon, the

    anesthesiologist, whomever it is in the operating room could bring up any concerns they had about the patient."
    内里:“关键因素之一就是打破手术室格局,以便让参与手术的每个人,包括消毒人员、护士、外科医生、麻醉师,都能提出与病人相关的任何问题。”

    And the more training, the better the chances that a patient would survive.
    手术人员接受培训越多,病人获救的机会就大。

    JULIA NEILY: "The group that had the training initially had a fifty percent greater reduction in their mortality rate and that was greater reduction than the

    control group, the group that didn't have the training initially."
    内里:“一开始就接受了培训的团队在手术死亡率上降低了50%,这比没有接受过培训的对照组(control group)低了很多。”

    Study co-author James Bagian is a Veterans Administration doctor.
    该研究的合著者詹姆斯·巴吉安(James Bagian)是退伍军人管理局的医生。

    JAMES BAGIAN: "Better communications by briefings and debriefings that are guided by checklists enhance teamwork."
    巴吉安:“以清单为指导的简明报告这种更好的沟通方式能够增强团队协作。

    DOCTOR: "Were there any difficulties or anything for anesthesia?"
    医生:“麻醉上有什么困难或问题?”

    ANESTHESIOLOGIST: "No."
    麻醉师:“没有。”

    The study is in this week's Journal of the American Medical Association.
    该研究发表在本周的美国医学学会杂志上。

    At first, some team members questioned the value of the communication training. But another new study shows how a lack of communication can lead to mistakes

    like operating on the wrong site or the wrong patient.
    最初,一些团队成员质疑沟通训练的价值。但是另一项新研究表明,沟通不足会导致类似在错误的部位,或对错误的病人进行手术等失误。

    Since two thousand four, hospitals and surgical offices in the United States have had a "universal protocol." For example, they are supposed to mark the

    surgical site and perform a "time-out" immediately before the procedure.
    自2004年以来,美国的医院和外科科室出台了一个“通用协议”。例如,他们应标注出手术部位,同时在手术前先休息。

    The study looked at records of a company that provides liability insurance to six thousand doctors in Colorado.
    该研究查看了一家为科罗拉多州6000名医生提供责任保险的公司的记录。

    The doctors reported twenty-five cases involving the wrong patient between January of two thousand two and June of two thousand eight. Five patients suffered

    serious harm.
    在2002年1月到2008年6月期间,这些医生共报告包括对错误的病人实施手术的25起事故,给其中5位病人造成了严重伤害。

    Surgeons and other doctors also reported one hundred seven cases involving the wrong site. More than one-third led to serious harm. One patient died.
    报告还显示,外科和其他医生还报告了包括对错误部位实施手术的107起事故。给其中超过三分之一的病人造成严重伤害,还有一名病人死亡。

    The researchers blamed most of the wrong-site cases on errors in judgment or a lack of a time-out. But they say errors in communication were at least one

    cause of all the patient mix-ups involving the wrong patient.
    研究者把手术部位错误的案例归咎于判断失误或休息时间不足。但是,他们表示,沟通失误是造成对错误病人手术等病人混淆的一个主要原因。

    Philip Stahel at the Denver Health Medical Center led the study in the Archives of Surgery.
    丹佛健康医疗中心的菲利普·施塔尔(Philip Stahel)领导了外科文献(Archives of Surgery)的该项研究。