Giving Grasslands a Rest

    这里是VOA特别英语农业报道。

    如果用草地来喂养牛羊和其他动物,草地需要时间来休息。将动物转移到另外一片草地可以提供牧草生长所需的时间。这叫做循环放牧。

    专家表示,循环放牧对草地和动物都有好处,而且节约资金。这种放牧方式可以减少抑制杂草生长所需的农药。而且,动物粪便还可以提供天然肥料,降低化肥施用量。循环放牧还可以使草地状况保持良好,防止野火的发生。

    在同一片放牧区域持续集中的饲养要求重新种植,成本比较高。动物会首先食用长势最好的牧草。如果这种情况持续发生,根部没有足够的时间来恢复。最终,长势稍差的牧草会取代它们。

    集中使用的草地也会受到损害,因为土壤被动物的重量挤压。而且动物通常会绕开有自己粪便的地方,这样又进一步减少了放牧空间。

    专家表示,尽管循环放牧长期来看可以节约资金,但是也需要计划。而最初的计划就是规划好栅栏,水供应和放牧区域的位置。

    更改放牧方法也需要时间。农民可能希望设置电网将放牧区域圈起来,叫做围场。围场需要水供应。一些农民设施了一些通道,不同围场的动物可以到共同的供水区饮水。

    当一片草地的草被吃的低于5厘米时,农民可以开始循环放牧,将动物从这块草地转移。随后,将这片牧场闲置,直到草长到15厘米以上。

    专家表示,绵羊和山羊还需要一些特殊的准备工作。他们需要比其他动物更牢固的栅栏。绵羊和山羊吃草的时候,还需要有守卫动物,防止他们被天敌袭击。

    1.rotational a.转动的,轮流的

    例句:Access time is the sum of seek time and rotational latency and command processing overhead.
          存取时间是寻道时间和旋转等待时间与命令处理开销的和。

    2.intensively ad.强烈地;集中地

    例句:The calves are grazed intensively during their first season.
           小牛在生长的第一季里集中喂养。

          The land here has been intensively cultivated for generations.
          这片土地经过了几代人的集约耕作。

    3.continually adv.不停地;持续地

    例句:He continually cracked his whip and shouted at the mule.
          他不住地挥响着鞭子,吆喝牲口。

          I had continually pushed my doubts to the darker recesses of my mind.
          我一直把怀疑深深地隐藏在心中。

    4.desirable a.称心的,中意的,理想的,希望的

    例句:My desire for a desirable house will come true in the near future.
          我要买一幢称心如意的房子的愿望在不久的将来会实现。

    5.enclose vt.(用墙、篱笆等)把…围起来

    例句:The wall encloses the hospital.
          围墙将那所医院围在里面。

    1.Grasslands need time to rest when cattle and other animals feed on them.

    feed on以…为食,以…为能源

    例句:Silkworms feed on the leaves of mulberry.
          蚕吃桑叶。

    2.Moving animals from one area of pasture to another can provide the time needed for new growth.

    provide for为…提供必要条件,为…做好准备

    例句:The waiter provided plenty of service for us during dinner.
           晚餐时服务生给我们提供许多服务。

    provide 提供[(+for)]

    例句:On Sundays his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast.
          星期天,他的女房东不但供给早餐,还供给晚餐。

    装备,供给[(+with)]

    例句:Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.
          她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。

    provide与supply的区别

    supply也是提供,多指提供日常必需品,或武器装备等。

             句型:supply sb. with sth.或supply sth. to sb.      
    例如:

    Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables.
    我们的农场为市场提供水果和蔬菜。

    All our classrooms are supplied  with electric lights.

     provide 提供,供给;是比较常用的,可以提供任何东西。

         句型:provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.   
    例如:

    She managed to provide her children with food and clothing.
    她设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。

    3.Rotational grazing can even help prevent wildfires by keeping grasslands in good condition.

    in good condition保养得很好,完好无损,健康状况良好

    例句:The kitchen needs to be cleaned, but otherwise the flat is in good condition.
          除了厨房需要打扫以外,这个公寓的状况还是相当不错的。

    4.As a result, less desirable plants may replace them.

    replace是替换,取代的意思。

    replace和sbstitute都表示替代的意思,不过用法上有所不同:

    substitute的用法是:substitute A for B,意为用A代替B;

    replace 的用法是:replace A with B,意为用B代替A。

    例句:
    1)In manufacturing, cheaper materials are constantly being substituted for the better and more expensive kind.
    2.)The government decided to replace coal with gas.

    还有一个词组可以表示替代的意思:take the place of sth,替代某物的位置。

    5.When that keeps happening, the roots do not have enough time to recover.

    这篇文章中多次出现keep一次,现在把它的用法做一下详细总结:

    一、用作连系动词

    构成系表结构:keep+表语,意为"保持,继续(处于某种状态)"。其中表语可用形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如:
    You must look after yourself and keep healthy.(形容词)你必须照顾好自己,保持身体健康。
    Keep off the grass.(副词)请勿践踏草地。
    Traffic in Britain keeps to the left.(介词短语)英国的交通是靠左边行驶的。
    注意:一般情况下,keep后接形容词较为多见。再如:
    She knew she must keep calm.她知道她必须保持镇静。
    Please keep silent in class.课堂上请保持安静。

    二、与介词或副词搭配,构成动词短语

    1.keep away意为"(使)离开;(使)不接近",其后常接介词from。如:
    Would you keep your dog away from my boy, please? 请把狗拉得离我孩子远点好吗?
    Keep everybody away from the accident.人人远离事故!

    2.keep back意为"阻止;留在后面"。如:
    She sat down quietly, but she couldn't keep
    back her tears.她静静地坐下来,却忍不住流下了眼泪。
     
    3.keep together意为"在一起;动作协调"。如:
    Keep together, please.请聚在一起。
    The eight men kept together during the boat race as though they were one.赛船时,这8个人动作协调,好像一个人似的。

    4.keep up意为"持续;使不低落"。如:
    The noise kept up all night.噪音整夜持续着。
    To keep your strength up, eat well and get enough sleep.为了保持力气,要吃好、睡足。
     
    5.keep up with意为"跟上;和……来往"。如:
    I'm trying my best to keep up with the others in class.我正在设法赶上班里的其他人。
    Do you still keep up with Tom? 你和汤姆还有联系吗?

    6.keep...in mind意为"把……记在心里"。如:
    The teacher asked us to keep these sentences in mind.老师要我们把这些句子记在心里。
     
    三、含keep的常用句型

    1.keep doing sth. 意为"继续干某事",表示不间断地持续干某事,keep后不能接不定式或表示静止状态的v-ing形式,而必须接延续性的动词。如:
    He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.他整天都在不停地工作,因为他想准时完成工作。
    Keep passing the ball to each other, and you'll be OK.坚持互相传球,你们就行。

    2.keep on doing sth. 意为"持续做某事"。如:
    The pupil kept on asking me the same question.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。
    I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon.我总是想起下午的那场比赛。

    3. keep...from doing sth.意为"阻止/防止……做某事"。如:
    The heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我们不能出去。