This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。
The financial crisis of two thousand eight brought attention to a big problem with banks. Many banks did not have enough money in reserve to protect against their losses. Now there is a proposed solution.
2008年金融危机引起了人们对银行业存在的一个重大问题的关注，很多银行没有足够的储备金来应对他们的亏损。现在出台了一个提议性的解决方案。
On Sunday, banking supervisors from twenty-six nations and Hong Kong met in Basel, Switzerland. They announced proposals to make banks safer by requiring them to increase their reserves.
周日，来自26个国家和香港的银行监管人员在瑞士巴塞尔会晤。他们宣布，将通过提高银行储备金规避银行风险。
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has been working on a set of recommendations known as Basel Three. These are based on agreements reached in July by officials from a group of leading industrial nations.
巴塞尔银行监管委员会（The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision）一直致力于出台被称为巴塞尔协议III的计划，该计划基于7月份一些主要工业国官员达成的协议。
The goal is to stop the cycle of easing rules on banks in good times and tightening them only after a crisis.
目标是打破经济繁荣时期放松监管，发生危机后才开始加强监管的恶性循环。
Under the new rules, banks would have to hold reserves equal to seven percent of their risk-weighted assets. Mainly this means loans. Currently banks are required to hold two percent in reserve.
新规定要求银行必须持有达到他们风险加权资产7%的储备金，这主要针对信贷，目前银行要求持有的储备金仅为2%。
The bigger reserves could be in the form of cash or common stock, also known as common equity. Banks would also have to hold extra reserves as their national economies improve.
增加的储备金形式可以是现金或普通股，也被称为普通股权益。在本国经济状况改善的情况下，银行还必须相应持有额外的准备金。
The new requirements would go into effect starting in January of two thousand thirteen. Banks would have five years to fully meet them. International banking lawyer Ernie Patrikis, a former vice president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, explains why.
这项新规定将于2013年1月初生效，银行业将有五年的时间来达到这些要求。国际银行律师，纽约联邦储备银行（Federal Reserve Bank of New York）前任副主席厄尼·帕特里基斯（Ernie Patrikis）解释了其中原因。
ERNIE PATRIKIS: "We cannot be telling banks, on the one hand, raise capital right away, and on the other hand lend more."
帕特里基斯：“我们不能一方面要求银行增加资本，另一方面又要求他们加大信贷投放。”
Economic growth remains slow in much of the developed world. The worry is that any decrease in lending could hurt a global recovery.
大部分发达国家经济增长仍然缓慢，各界担心任何信贷投放的缩减都可能影响全球经济复苏。
One way for banks to meet the proposed new rules would be to sell more of their stock. That is what Germany's Deutsche Bank did last week. It announced a sale offer valued at over eleven billion dollars.
使银行达到新规定要求的一种途径是出售更多其持有的股票。上周德意志银行就是这么操作的，该行宣布一项价值超过110亿美元的交易。
Ernie Patrikis thinks chief executive officers of banks have three choices.
斯帕特里基斯认为，银行行政总裁有三种选择。
ERNIE PATRIKIS: "One is to go out and raise more common equity. Another one is to not pay dividends. And that's not something most CEO's want to do because their shareholders aren't going to be particularly happy. And the third choice is sell assets -- downsize the bank."
帕特里基斯：“第一种选择是走出去筹集更多普通股权益。另一种选择就是不支付股息，大部分CEO都不希望这么做，因为这样可能惹恼股东。第三种选择是出售资产--缩小银行规模。”
Nations on the Basel committee will now seek to pass the new rules into law so their banking supervisors can enforce them.
巴塞尔委员会各成员国现在将寻求将这些新规定写入法律，以使银行监管机构能够开始执行这些规定。
Banks that fall below the reserve limits could have to stop paying dividends to shareholders or bonuses to top employees. Ending dividends would anger shareholders. And limiting pay could send bankers fleeing to hedge funds, where there are fewer rules.
储备金低于最低限制的银行可能必须停止支付股东股息和高级雇员奖金。停止支付股息将激怒股东，而限制薪资将使银行家转投规则更少的对冲基金。