这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报告。
President Obama wants the United States to have the world's highest rate of college graduates. But his administration also wants stronger rules for colleges that operate for profit.
奥巴马总统希望美国高校毕业率全球最高，但他领导的政府也希望对营利性院校加强监管。
Career colleges receive billions of dollars from taxpayers through student loans. The Education Department says some of that goes to waste and leaves students in debt for educations of little or no value.
职业学院通过学生贷款获得来自纳税人的数十亿美元学费。教育部称其中一些资金被浪费掉了，并使学生为几乎没有价值的教育而背负债务。
To receive federal aid, career colleges must prepare students for what the law calls "gainful employment" in a recognized occupation. Two tests are proposed to see if they do.
为了获得联邦援助，职业学院必须使学生具备在一个公认的行业谋得“有收益的工作”的能力，并提出了两项测试来检测他们是否达标。
One would measure the relationship between debt loads and how much students earn after they complete a program. The other would measure the rate at which all students repay their loans, whether they complete the program or not.
其中一项测试是衡量债务负担和学生完成学业后的收入之间的关系。另一项则是衡量学生贷款还款率，以及学生是否完成学业。
Programs that fail these tests could be restricted or blocked from federal student aid.
未达标的课程将被禁止或限制获得联邦学生助学金。
The Education Department says for-profit colleges and training programs are important. In two thousand eight they had close to two million students -- nearly three times more than in two thousand.
教育部表示，营利性院校和培训课程非常重要。2008年，这些学校有近200万学生了——将近比2000年多了三倍。
Last year, the five largest received more than three-fourths of their money from federal student aid. And that amount did not include other forms of government aid.
去年，五个最大的学校超过四分之三的资金来自联邦学生助学金，这还不包括其他形式的政府援助。
Yet officials say for-profit colleges may be less supervised than other schools. They also point to reports of highly aggressive marketing.
但官员们表示，营利性院校受到的监管可能会少于其他学校。他们也指出了高度进取的市场营销的相关报道。
For every one hundred graduates of for-profit colleges, eighteen fail to repay their federal student loans. That compares to five graduates of public colleges and universities.
营利性院校的每100名毕业生中，有18人无力偿还联邦学生贷款。而公立院校只有5人无力偿还。
The department is now collecting public comments on a number of negotiated rules. Some would require career colleges to release their graduation and job placement rates. The goal is to publish a final rule by November.
教育部正就一些拟定条款征求公众意见。其中一些条款将要求职业学院公布其毕业率和就业率。教育部的目标是在11月份前发布最终条款。
The Career College Association called the debt-to-earnings proposal unwise, unnecessary, unproven -- and unlawful. The group says it has found that students in higher priced programs are more likely, not less likely, to repay their students loans.
职业学院协会称债务与收入比较的提议是不明智，不必要，无法证实并且不合法。职业学院协会表示，他们发现，就读价格较高的课程的学生更容易偿还贷款。
It says the move could eliminate programs serving three hundred thousand students. Female and minority students would face the most harm, it says, as they are more likely to attend career colleges.
协会称，此举将会淘汰一些服务于30万学生的课程，女性和少数民族学生将面临最大伤害，因为他们就读职业学院的可能性更大。
The association also points to shrinking budgets for community colleges. Its president, Harris Miller, says "Students need more information, not fewer choices."
该协会还指出社区学院预算将被缩减。协会会长哈里斯·米勒表示：“学生需要更多的信息，而不是更少的选择。”