国际组织寻求40亿美元儿童疫苗资金

    This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
    这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

    Vaccines and chest compressions are both ways to save lives. Now, separate new reports say each could save more lives if they were used more.
    疫苗和胸部按压是拯救生命的两种方法。目前,几份独立报告声称,如果这2种方法被更广泛应用,任何一种方法都能拯救更多生命。

    One report is from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the GAVI Alliance. GAVI is the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization.
    其中一份报告来自 国际红十字会与红新月会联合会 (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) 和GAVI联盟,GAVI是全球疫苗免疫联盟的简称。

    This alliance of public and private groups finances vaccines in poor countries. Spokesman Jeffrey Rowland says GAVI has done a lot since it began ten years ago.
    这个公共与私营联合组织为贫困国家疫苗提供资金。联盟发言人杰夫·罗兰(Jeffrey Rowland)称免疫联盟从十年前成立以来已经做了很多工作。

    JEFFREY ROWLAND: "We have prevented 5.4 million premature deaths. That means these children will not die of these diseases, 5.4 million, and we hope to prevent 4.2 million premature deaths by keeping immunization rates high over the next five years for basic immunization and rolling out vaccines against pneumonia and rotavirus diarrhea."
    罗兰:“我们已经成功预防540万名早产儿夭折,这意味着有540万的儿童不会死于这些疾病,我们希望在未来五年通过保证基础免疫的高接种率,以及推出肺炎和轮状病毒腹泻疫苗预防420万早产儿夭折。”

    GAVI says these two diseases cause more than one-third of all deaths in children under age five. It says new vaccines against the pneumococcal bacteria and rotavirus could save more than one million children each year.
    免疫联盟称针对肺炎双球菌和轮状病毒的疫苗每年能够拯救100多万儿童的生命,五岁以下夭折的儿童有超过三分之一是这两种疾病造成的。

    But the group warns that a shortage of four billion dollars threatens these and other immunization programs. Some of these programs have made great progress against polio and other diseases preventable by vaccines.
    但是该组织警告称,这2种以及其他免疫项目面临着40亿美元资金短缺的威胁。其中一些项目在抵抗小儿麻痹症和其他可以使用疫苗免疫的疾病方面取得了重大进展。

    In other health news, a new study compares ways of saving patients with cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest is when the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and stops beating.
    在其他卫生新闻中,一项新研究对拯救心脏骤停病人的方法做了比较。心脏骤停是指当心脏发生心律不齐时停止跳动。

    An analysis of four studies found no difference in short-term survival when rescuers followed current guidelines. These call for defibrillation as soon as possible. A defibrillator is the device used to shock the heart back to normal rhythm.
    对四项研究进行的分析发现,当救援人员遵循现行方针在短期存活率上是没有差异。该分析结果主张尽快采用心脏除颤术,心脏除颤器是一种使心脏恢复正常心律的装置。

    But there was a small increase in long-term survival among those who received chest compressions before defibrillation. This was true one year after cardiac arrest, and especially if there were delays in the arrival of emergency medical services.
    但是,在心脏除颤之前接受胸部按压的人们在长期存活率上略有提升,心跳骤停病史超过1年更是如此,特别是在医疗急救人员姗姗来迟的情况下。

    Doctor Pascal Meier of the University of Michigan Health System led an international study of one thousand five hundred patients.
    密歇根大学卫生系统的帕斯卡尔·梅尔博士(Pascal Meier)领导了一项针对1500例病人的国际研究。

    PASCAL MEIER: "What we wanted to test is whether it would be better to start first with good quality chest compressions to prepare the heart for this electrical shock -- to get some blood circulation to the brain and heart before we apply the shock."
    梅尔:“我们想要检测的是,如果首先进行高质量的胸部按压术,让血液循坏到大脑和心脏再进行电击,效果会不会更好?”

    Dr. Meier says people should start to give compressions immediately if emergency help has not arrived. He says good quality compressions are done in the middle of the chest.
    梅尔称如果急救人员还没有来,人们应该立即进行胸部按压。高质量的按压应该是在胸部中间部位完成。

    PASCAL MEIER: "On the breast bone, usually about two fingers above the lower end of the chest bone, you put your both hands and then you have to straighten your arms and do pretty strong compressions there."
    梅尔:“(按压位置)通常是胸骨末端以上两指,双手平放到上面,伸直胳膊做有力按压。”

    A report on the findings appeared in the online journal BMC Medicine.
    关于该结果的报告发表在BMC医学在线期刊上。