Connecting Africa's Health Workers

    联合国寻求提高非洲卫生工作者的电子通信条件。农村地区工作人员将通过更好的途径接受几百甚至几千公里外的医生的培训,信息和建议。

    2005年,世界卫生大会通过决议,敦促各国计划“电子健康”e-Health服务。该想法的目的在于寻求更好的方式,利用现代信息和通信技术来增强卫生体系。

    世卫组织称,非洲地区在治疗艾滋病,肺结核和疟疾方面落后于世界其他地区。所以联合国经济和社会委员会支持为医疗工作者扩展电信技术。

    远距离医学是电子健康的另外一个说法。

    Stennar Pedersen是挪威北方大学远距离医学挪威中心的主任。Pedersen在世卫组织工作。最近,他与西非健康官员在加纳首都阿克拉会晤。他说,该技术可以为寻找专家提供更便捷的途径,并且可以使人们自己寻找医疗信息更加容易。

    Elias Sory是加纳健康服务的处长。他说,电子健康可以减少医疗工作者缺乏的影响,对现存医疗工作者的培训也更加容易。Sory医生说,该技术可以使加纳主要的教育医院Korle Bu的医生与大家分享知识更加容易。

    ELIAS SORY:“如果一个常驻乡村的医生遇到了一个自己束手无策的病例,这个医生为什么不能轻易地联系到Korle Bu 的医生来寻求建议呢?所以,即使我们本人不在那里,电子健康也可以让我们提供建议。”

    “另外一个方面是,医学是动态发展的。为什么不利用这一点来培训呢?我们不需要所有人到Korle Bu来提升自己的知识水平;电子健康可以连接这个鸿沟。对我来说,医学教育是电子健康最重要的组分之一。”

    服务必须适应各国的医疗卫生需求和技术发展水平。另外一个为题是病人隐私。希望各国的卫生部门都可以制定相关政策,收集和存储个人电子健康信息。

    1.rural a.乡下的, 田园的, 乡村风味的

    例句:He is a constant communist who devoted all his life in the rural education course.
          他是个忠诚的共产党员,为农村教育进程奉献了自己的一生。

    2.resolution n.解析, 决心, 坚定, 决定, 决议, 消除, 解答, 分解

    例句:The resolution was accepted unanimously.
          该项决议得到与会者一致的认可。

    3.strengthen vt.加强, 变坚固

    例句:Your visit will certainly strengthen the friendship between our two peoples.
          你们这次访问必将增强两国人民之间的友谊。
     
    4.shortage n.不足, 缺乏

    a shortage of

    例句:The rapid increase in population caused a shortage of natural resources.
          人口的激增引起资源的匮乏。

    相当于be short of

    例句:This is a shock task. It'll be no good to be short of hands.
          这是项突击任务,人少了不济事。

    5.share v.均分, 分担, 分享, 分配, 共有

    例句:They will share the cost of a program to buy guns from gun owners.
          他们会共同分担费用从枪主那儿购买枪支。

    6.dynamic a.动态的, 有活力的, 有力的, 动力的, 不断变化的

    例句:The school magazine mainly publishes dynamic news about our school and literary works of both teachers and students.
          我们学校的内刊主要是刊登一些校内动态和师生文学作品。

    7.upgrade vt.使升级, 提升, 改良品种

    例句:You must be able to upgrade the products as soon as possible.
          你一定要尽快实现产品质量的提级。
     
    8.individual n.人, 个人, 个体

    例句:A bad system will stay the performance of excellent individual.
          糟糕的体制会抑制个人才能的发挥。

    1.The idea is to look for ways to use modern information and communications technologies to strengthen health systems.

    look for寻找, 期待

    例句:My cousin has taken a long time to look for that computer program.
          我表兄花了很长时间去找那个计算机程序。

    2.The World Health Organization says Africa is behind other parts of the world in treating H.I.V./AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.

    behind落后于 

    leave behind将……落在后面,以前的新闻报道中曾经出现过:In the fight against the swine flu,we can't leave the African people behind.在对抗猪流感的战争中,我们不能将非洲人民留在后面。

    3.He says the technology can provide easier access to medical specialists and make it easier for people to seek medical information themselves.

    access to有机会接近

    例句:As a member of the club, I'm allowed access to the gym and the swimming pool.
          作为俱乐部的成员,我可以使用体育馆和游泳池。

    4.If you get a doctor who is away in the village and has come across a case he or she thinks is beyond him or her, why cannot that doctor be able to link up easily with a senior doctor in Korle Bu to get advice on it?

    come across偶遇

    例句:We must hang in whenever we come across difficulties.
          我们遇到困难时一定要坚持不懈。

    beyond超过, 在那一边, 迟于

    例句:In my city there was a very old woman who lived beyond the age of hundred.
          我所在的城市生活着一位年逾百岁的老奶奶。

           His honesty is really beyond question.
           他的诚实的确是毋庸置疑。

    link up连接

    例句:Transport and communication lines link up all parts of the province.
           全省交通运输四通八达。

    5.Why cannot we use that to train? We do not need all people to come to Korle Bu in order to be upgraded in knowledge; eHealth can bridge that gap.

    bridge that gap缩小差距

    例句:We have to bridge the gap between rich and poor people around the world.
          我们必须要消除世界各地的贫富差距。

    He says the technology can provide easier access to medical specialists and make it easier for people to seek medical information themselves.

    “for+ 不定式”是英语中一个十分有用的结构,不仅在阅读理解中经常出现,而且,如果同学们在书面表达中能巧妙地运用它,将会增添文章亮点,提高文章的档次。为帮助同学们正确理解和掌握这一结构,本文对这一结构的用法作了一个全面的归纳,同时,对于其使用上应注意的地方也给出了详细的说明。

    一、“for+宾语+不定式”的句法功能

    1. 用作主语For you to ask Joe would be a big mistake. 你要是去问乔,那将是一大错误。For Ann to go to France would make me very happy. 安要是到法国去将使我感到很高兴。注:这类结构通常会借助形式主语来表达,即在句首使用形式主语,而将真正用作主语的“for+宾语+不定式”结构移至句末。如:It’s too expensive for me to buy. 太贵了,我买不起。It’s impossible for me to leave my family. 我是不可能离开家的。It’s impossible for the job to be finished in time. 这项任务要按时完成是不可能的。It’s an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀在这里讲话。It’s a new experience for her to be travelling by plane. 坐飞机对她是—次新经历。—It’ll take time for her to recover from the illness. 她的病要很长时间才能痊愈。It took twenty minutes for the smoke to clear. 过了20分钟烟才散完。

    2. 用作表语It is for you to decide. 该由你来决定。His idea is for us to travel in separate cars. 他的意思是我们不要同乘一辆汽车。Our aim is for students to learn as quickly as possible. 我们的目的是让学生尽快学到东西。All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我们能在一起。The simplest thing is for him to resign. 最简单的办法是他辞职。

    3. 用作宾语She hates for people to feel sad. 她不愿看到人们忧心忡忡。They didn’t mean for her to read the letter. 他们并未打算让她看那封信。I would like for you to stay as long as you want. 我希望你留下来,想留多久就留多久。注:这类结构用作宾语的情形主要见于非正式的美国英语中,且主要限于like, hate, mean, intend等少数动词。不过,当有形式宾语时,这类结构用作宾语的情况倒是很普遍(注意形式宾语的使用)。如:He made it very difficult for us to refuse. 他弄得我们很难拒绝。I thought it strange for -FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">她这么晚还不回来,我觉得有些奇怪。

    4.用作定语It’s time for everybody to go to bed. 是大家睡觉的时候了。There’s nothing for the cats to eat. 猫没有东西可吃了。Have you got something for me to do? 你给我找了什么事做吗? All that remains for me to do is to say goodbye. 剩下我所要做的就是告辞了。

    5. 用作同位语He gave orders for one million military personnel to demobilize. 他命令100万军人复员。

    6. 用作状语(1) 目的状语。如:目的状语。如:I can’t wait for them to finish talking. 我不能等到他们把话谈完。She opened the door for me to come in. 她开门让我进去。She looked up and nodded for me to come in. 她抬起头来,并点头让我进去。For sales to increase, we must lower our prices. 为了增加销量,我们必须降低价格。(2) 结果状语。如:The print is too small for me to read without glasses. 印刷字体太小,我不带眼镜就看不清。I wish you’d write clearly enough for us to read it. 但愿你能写得清楚点,我们好能看明白。(3) 条件状语。如:How would it do for me to write to him? 我来给他写信如何? (4) 比较状语。如:There's nothing worse than for a person to ill-treat a child. 没有什么比虐待小孩更恶劣的了。(5) 原因状语。如:They made it difficult for me to see her. 他们从中作梗,让我不易见到她。

    二、“for+宾语+不定式”的用法注意1. 其中的不定式有时可以是进行式。如:

    1.It’s a new experience for her to be travelling by plane. 坐飞机对她是—次新经历。

    2. 其中的不定式有时可以是被动式。如:It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 有必要让他对此有所准备。

    3. 能用于it’s adj. for sb to do sth的形容词不多,主要的有bad, bold, clever, common, honest, necessary, nice, normal, pointless, rare, (all) right, rude, sensible, stupid, tactful, thoughtful, typical, unimportant, unusual, vital, wise, wrong等。但是请注意:likely和probable不这样用。如:她可能今晚到。正:She’s likely to arrive this evening. 误:It’s likely for her to arrive this evening. 她很可能会发脾气。正:It’s probable that she’ll be in a bad temper. 正:She’ll probably be in a bad temper. 误:It’s probable for her to be in a bad temper.

    4. 该结构中的介词for原则上不能换成to,但在某些特殊结构中可以换成to。如:The policeman signed for [to] me to stop. 警察打手势叫我停下。It will be convenient for [to] me to see you this evening. 今晚去见你,我很方便。注:能这样用to代替for的结构只限于sign to [for], be convenient for [to]等少数情形。

    5. 在通常情况下,其中的不定式不能换成动名词。如:你能不能安排在周一把货送到? 正:Can you arrange for the goods to be delivered on Monday? 误:Can you arrange for the goods being delivered on Monday?