Aspirin: Research Keeps Giving New Life to an Ancient Medicine

1.placebo n.宽心剂,安慰

2.harmless adj.无害的;不致伤的

例句:They killed the harmless old man in cold blood.
       他们残忍地杀害了那位无辜老人。

3.blockage n.封锁,妨碍,阻塞

例句:We had to call a plumber to clear out the blockage in the drainpipe.
      我们得叫一个管道修理工来清除排水管中的堵塞物。

4.substitute vt.vi.代替, 替换, 代用

例句:She was dancing while someone substituted at the piano.
      她在跳舞, 别人代她弹钢琴。

      If you cannot go yourself, please find someone to substitute you.
      你如果不能亲自去, 请找人代替你。

5.enlarge vt.扩大,放大

例句:I asked the photographer to enlarge the picture.
      我请摄影师把那张照片放大。

      Let me enlarge on the topic.
      让我进一步说明一下这个题目。

1.Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys and blood vessels work well.

make后加宾语补足语

在英语的句子中,有些动词除一个宾语外,句意还不完整,必须加上宾语补足语才能将句意表达完整,因此宾语补足语是许多句子不可缺少的一部分,是句子的主要成分。这样的句型为:主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。

  常用的及物动词有:think,make,have,get,consider,find,call,let等。如:They found the room cleaned by someone.

  宾语补足语的几种类型:

  (1)名词作宾语补足语

  We think him a bright boy.

  They call her XiaoZhang.

  (2)形容词及短语作宾语补足语

  I found the dog dead.

  Exercise makes you healthy and strong.

  (3)不定式及其短语作宾语补足语

  She often asks me to help her with her English.

  注:在使役动词make,let,have及see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,find,feel等动词后的宾语补足语可用不定式,但不定式不可加to。

  Nobody heard him cry for help.

  I often see the boys play basketball after school.

  (4).现在分词及其短语作宾语补足语

  The teacher caught her cheating in the exam.

  They often hear me practising speaking English.

  (5)过去分词及短语作宾语补足语

  He raised his voice to make himself heard clearly.

  When I went downstairs,I found my bike stolen.

  (6)as引出的宾语补足语

  We consider her as a great writer.

  We took English as a useful tool.

  (7)介词短语宾语补足语

  Please make yourself at home.

  The illness kept her in bed for a month.

  (8)副词作宾语补足语

  Did you find them in?

  She ordered them away.

  (9)从句作宾语补足语

  We will soon make our school what your school is now.

  注:当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时, 往往把宾语放在它的补足语后,而用it作句子的形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。如:

  I think it wrong to smoke in public.

  I find it hard to learn English well.

  She kept it secret that she hadn’t passed the exam.

2.Scientists learned how aspirin interferes with an enzyme.

interferes with干扰,妨碍

例句:Your talking interferes with my work!
      你们的谈话妨碍到了我的工作。

3.Scientists say aspirin prevents blood cells called platelets from sticking together to form clots.

prevent from 阻止,妨碍

例句:Sometimes we can prevent a cloud from producing rain.
      有时我们可以阻止云产生雨。

荷兰研究人员13日在美国《神经病学文献》网络版上发表报告说,服用阿司匹林、卡巴匹林钙等血小板聚集抑制剂类药物可能会增加老年人脑微出血的风险。

  脑微出血常见于老年人,由脑内微小血管病变所致,是淀粉样血管病和高血压血管病的预警信号。

  荷兰鹿特丹伊拉斯漠斯大学医学中心的研究人员对1062名平均年龄69.6岁的老年人进行了调查,以研究脑微出血与服用抗血栓药物之间的关系。在被调查者中,有363人日常服用抗血栓药物,其中245人服用阿司匹林或卡巴匹林钙等血小板聚集抑制剂类药物。

  研究人员发现,与未服用抗血栓药物的老年人相比,服用阿司匹林或卡巴匹林钙的老年人在接受核磁共振成像检测时,脑部出现可见微出血的状况更普遍,而且服用这些药物的剂量越大,脑微出血的可见程度越高。此次调查还发现,服用阿司匹林的老年人,其脑额叶出现微出血的情况比服用卡巴匹林钙者还要普遍。但研究人员此次未发现服用其他类型的抗血栓药物与脑微出血之间存在关联。

  负责这项研究的专家认为,对可能患心脏病和中风的人群来说,抗血栓药物利大于弊,但对一些特殊人群而言,例如出现脑淀粉样血管病症状的人群,一些抗血栓药物的弊端可能会比较显著。

  阿司匹林和卡巴匹林钙都具有清热、镇痛、抗炎及抑制血小板聚集作用,常被用作抗血栓药物。