This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。
Today we have a vocabulary quiz. We start with two questions about terms for plants.
今天我们进行一项词汇测试。我们从两个关于植物术语的问题开始。
OK, first question: What is the name for a plant that lives only one year or one growing season? This kind of plant is called an annual. Think of an "annual report," a report published just once a year.
第一个问题，只存活一年或一个生长季的植物被称为什么？这类植物被称为annual（一年生或一季生植物）。想一下annual report（年度报告），也就是每年发布一次的报告。
You can probably guess the next question. What do we call a plant that produces new growth year after year? Plants that keep growing back are called perennials. So a perennial is the opposite of an annual. Perennials come back year after year.
你可能已经猜到下一个问题。我们称年复一年不断重生的植物为什么？不断新生的植物被称为perennials（多年生植物）。因此perennial刚好和annual相反。
Now some questions about terms for livestock.
现在是一些关于牲畜术语的问题。
What is another name for a male cow? A bull, right? Well, not always. A male cow is usually called a bull only if it still has its reproductive organs. If not, we call it a -- what? The answer: a steer.
Male cow(雄牛)的另一个名称是什么？Bull(公牛),对吗？嗯，但并非总是如此。公牛通常用来称呼那些没被阉过的雄牛。如果被阉过了的雄牛就称为steer（阉牛）。
Next question: What is another name for a young cow? A very young cow is called a calf. But a young female cow, especially one that has not had a calf yet, has a special name. Do you know what it is? The answer: a heifer. Maybe you knew that. But here is question just for our radio listeners -- can you spell it? Heifer is spelled H-E-I-F-E-R.
下一个问题，young cow（小牛）又称为什么？非常幼小的牛被称为calf（牛犊）。但雌性小牛，特别是没生过牛犊的有一个专用名称。你知道这个名称是什么吗？答案就是：heifer（小母牛）。可能你知道这个，但这里有一个专门为电台听众准备的问题，你能拼出Heifer这个词吗？
Cows, like all mammals, lactate. Our next question is: do you know what that means? To lactate means to produce milk. Cows lactate for up to ten months.
奶牛像所有哺乳动物一样会lactate。我们的下一个问题是，你知道lactate的意思吗？Lactate意思就是产奶。奶牛至少要10个月以后才能产奶。
In milk, fat rises to the top. But some people do not like to drink milk that way. So there is a process that reduces the size of the fat particles and mixes them all through the milk. This process has a name -- a long name. What is it? It's called homogenization.
牛奶中的脂肪会浮到最上面。但有些人不喜欢喝这种牛奶。所有有一个减小脂肪颗粒大小，并将其与牛奶充分混合的过程。这个过程就被称为homogenization（牛奶均质化）。
Still with us? OK, another question. Milk can be made into cheese. Some people like cheese made with milk from a sheep. What do you call a female sheep? The answer: a ewe, spelled E-W-E.
还在收听我们的节目？好，另一个问题。牛奶可以制成奶酪。有些人喜欢羊奶制成的奶酪。雌性羊怎么称呼呢？答案就是：ewe（母羊）。
Male sheep have their own name. A male sheep is a -- what? A ram.
雄羊也有自己的名称，雄羊被称为ram（公羊）。
Rams and ewes produce lambs. A lamb is a sheep less than a year old. But what do you call the meat from a sheep over a year old? Then we call it mutton.
公羊和母羊能产lamb（小羊羔）。lamb是指一岁以下的羊。一岁以上的羊的羊肉被称为什么？我们称其为mutton（羊肉）。
Age also plays a part in terms for horses. For example, a mare is generally a female three years or older. But what do you call a female horse under three? The answer: a filly. And for extra credit: do you know the name for a male horse under four? A colt.
年龄在马类术语中也发挥着作用。例如，mare一般是指三岁以上的母马。那三岁以下的母马怎么称呼呢？答案就是：filly。友情提示：你知道4岁以下公马的名称吗?答案就是colt。
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