A newly published report says Iran and the United States have increased cyberattacks, even as their top diplomats are working toward a nuclear agreement. The goal is to guarantee that Iran does not develop a nuclear weapon, and to loosen Iran's international sanctions.
一份最新发布的报告称，伊朗和美国都增加了网络攻击，而此时他们的最高外交官正朝着达成核协议努力。谈判目的是确保伊朗不发展核武器，并放开对伊朗的国际制裁。
The top U.S. and Iranian diplomats have been holding almost weekly meetings in an effort to finish an agreement on nuclear weapons. However, a website called The Intercept says that a "cyber war," attacks against computer networks, is taking place behind the scenes. The website takes some of its information from secret U.S. government documents made public by Edward Snowden. It published details of a U.S. National Security Agency paper, written two years ago. The NSA paper calls for a stronger U.S. answer to Iran's improved cyber warfare abilities.
美国和伊朗最高外交官几乎每周都举行例会以期达成核武器协议。然而，一家名为Intercept的网站表示，针对计算机网络的一场网络战争正在幕后打响。该网站的部分信息取自爱德华·斯诺登（Edward Snowden）公布的美国政府机密文件。该网站公布了美国国家安全局写于两年前的一些文件的详细信息。国家安全局文件呼吁美国对伊朗改善后的网络战能力进行更为有力的回应。
The report says Iran learned from a virus called Stuxnet that was placed into its nuclear program. The virus allegedly was put there by U.S. and Israeli intelligence services in 2012.
该报告表示，伊朗从嵌入其核项目的Stuxnet病毒中得到了经验教训。据称该病毒是美国和以色列情报机构在2012年嵌入进去的。
David Stupples of City University, London is a cyber-warfare expert. He says the incident may have shown Iranian leaders the value of cyber warfare, compared to controversial, costly and dangerous nuclear weapons.
伦敦城市大学的大卫·斯塔普斯（David Stupples）是一位网络战专家。他说，该事件可能已经向伊朗领导人表明了网络战相对于有争议、昂贵和危险的核武器的价值。
Iran has "now realized they have a much stronger weapon at hand," Mr. Stupples said. He added that Iran "can continually attack and continually get payoffs from their activities quite cheaply."
斯塔普斯说，“伊朗现在已经认识到他们手中有一件更为强大的武器。”他补充说，“伊朗能够以低廉代价不断发起网络攻击并持续从中受益。”
A basic cyberattack means a computer attacker closes down a website. Real problems, however, result when cyberattacks steal or destroy data. That is what happened in the attack on Sony Pictures last year, reportedly by North Korea.
普通网络攻击是指计算机攻击者关闭一家网站。然而真正的问题在于网络攻击者窃取和破坏数据。去年发生的针对索尼影音的攻击就是如此。据说这次攻击是朝鲜所为。
A year ago, the head of the NSA, Admiral Mike Rogers, told Congress that cyber warfare is here to stay. "Clearly, cyber will be an element of almost any crisis we are going to see in the future," said Admiral Rogers. He added that he believes cyber warfare was used in Ukraine, Syria and Georgia. "It increasingly is becoming a norm," he said.
一年前，美国国家安全局局长、海军上将迈克·罗杰斯（Mike Rogers）对国会表示，网络战还会继续。海军上将罗杰斯表示，“很显然，网络将是我们未来看到的几乎所有危机的组成元素。”他补充说，他相信在乌克兰、叙利亚和格鲁吉亚都有网络战的身影。他说，“网络战愈发成为一种常态。”
Cyberattacks are inexpensive, secret, and can be denied. Those are some of the reasons that could make them more appealing to terrorists and governments, instead of using conventional or nuclear weapons.
网络攻击成本低，私密性好，还能拒绝承认。这些因素使得恐怖分子和各国政府更被网络攻击所吸引，而不是使用常规或核武器。
I'm Anne Ball.
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