全球5岁以下儿童死亡率大幅下降

    This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
    这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

    In recent years, the world has made progress in reducing deaths among children under the age of five. A new report says an estimated six-point-nine million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday. That compares to about twelve million in nineteen ninety.
    近年来,全球在降低五岁以下儿童死亡上已经取得了进展。一份新的报告称,预计全球有690万儿童在5岁前死亡,与之相比1990年这个数字是大约1200万。

    The report says child mortality rates have fallen in all areas. It says the number of deaths is down by at least fifty percent in eastern, western and southeastern Asia. The number also fell in North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.
    报告称,各地区的儿童死亡率都有所下降,东亚、西亚和东南亚死亡人数至少下降了50%。北非、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的死亡人数也有所下降。
     
    The World Bank and three United Nations agencies worked together on the report. The three are the U.N. Children's Fund, the World Health Organization and the U.N. Population Division.
    世界银行和3家联合国机构共同完成了这份报告。这3家机构分别是联合国儿童基金,世界卫生组织和联合国人口司。

    Ties Boerma is head of the WHO's Department of Health Statistics and Informatics. He says most child deaths happen in just a few areas.
    泰·布尔玛(Ties Boerma)是世界卫生组织卫生统计与信息部的负责人。他表示,大部分的儿童死亡发生在少数几个地区。

    TIES BOERMA: "Sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia face the greatest challenges in child survival. More than eighty percent of child deaths in the world occur in these two regions. About half of child deaths occur in just five countries -- India, which actually takes twenty-four percent of the global total; Nigeria, eleven percent; the Democratic Republic of Congo, seven percent; Pakistan, five percent and China, four percent of under-five deaths in the world."
    布尔玛:“撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚在儿童存活率上面临着最大的挑战。全球80%以上的儿童死亡发生在这两个地区。大约有一半的儿童死亡发生在少数5个国家。在全球5岁以下儿童死亡总人数上,印度占到24%,尼日利亚占到11%,刚果民主共和国占到7%,巴基斯坦占到5%,中国占到4%。”

    Ties Boerma notes that, in developed countries, one child in one hundred fifty-two dies before his or her fifth birthday. But south of the Sahara Desert, one out of nine children dies before the age of five. In Asia, the mortality rate is one in sixteen.
    布尔玛指出,在发达国家,儿童在5岁前死亡的比例是1/152。但在南部的撒哈拉大沙漠,1/9的儿童在5岁前死亡。在亚洲,这个死亡率是1/16。

    The report lists the top five causes of death among children under five worldwide. They are pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria and problems both before and during birth.
    报告列出了全球5岁以下儿童死亡的五大原因,它们分别是肺炎、腹泻、疟疾,以及分娩之前和分娩中的各种问题。

    Tessa Wardlaw is with the U-N Children's Fund. She is pleased with the progress being made in Sub-Saharan Africa. The area has the highest under-five mortality rate in the world. But she says the rate of decline in child deaths has more than doubled in Africa.
    泰莎·沃德洛就职于联合国儿童基金会。她对撒哈拉以南非洲国家所取得的进展感到高兴。该地区五岁以下儿童死亡率全球最高。但她表示,非洲儿童死亡降幅超过了1倍。

    TESSA WARDLAW: "We welcome the widespread progress in child survival, but we importantly want to stress that there's a lot of work that remains to be done. There's unfinished business and the fact is that today on average, around nineteen thousand children are still dying every day from largely preventable causes."
    沃德洛:“我们对儿童存活率的普遍进步表示欢迎,但我们更要强调,还有很多工作要做。事业尚未成功,而事实是,如今平均每天还有1.9万名儿童死于各种可以预防的原因。”

    The World Health Organization says one way to solve these problems is to make sure health care services are available to women. In this way, medical problems can be avoided or treated when identified.
    世界卫生组织表示,解决这些问题的方法之一是确保向妇女提供医疗保健服务。医疗问题就能被避免或者一发现就处理。

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