这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。
When farmers and wild animals share land, conflicts can be hard to prevent. But the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization is trying to help.
当农民和野生动物在同一片土地上共存时，冲突在所难免。联合国粮农组织正试图就此提供帮助。
The FAO and other groups are developing what they call the Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Toolkit. This toolkit is a collection of advice and information that farmers in southern Africa have been testing.
粮农组织和其他组织正在开发他们所说的缓解“人类与野生动物冲突”工具包。工具包收集了经过南部非洲农民测试的建议和信息。
Wild animals are considered a top problem for the physical and economic security of rural populations in Africa.
野生动物被认为是非洲农村居民人身安全和经济安全（动物造成经济损失）的首要问题。
FAO official Rene Czudek says the main aim is to provide low-cost methods to deal with wild animals without harming them.
粮农组织官员Rene Czudek称其主要目的是在不伤害野生动物的前提下,提供一种低成本的应对方法。
For example, some farmers in Kenya use donkeys to guard against lions and cheetahs.
例如，在肯尼亚一些农民使用毛驴防范狮子和猎豹。
In Zambia and Mozambique, crocodiles are blamed for more deaths than any other animal. Nile crocodiles kill an estimated three hundred people each year in Mozambique alone.
在赞比亚和莫桑比克，鳄鱼造成了比任何其他动物都更多的死亡事故。每年仅在莫桑比克，尼罗鳄就造成大约300人死亡。
Strong fencing at watering points can offer protection. And people should always enter the water several at a time, in groups armed with weapons like sticks and stones, axes and spears.
取水点的坚固栅栏可以提供保护。同时，人们下水时应该多人一组，并用棍棒、石头、斧头和长矛等武器武装自己。
But the FAO also points out that crocodile attacks are less likely in places that have not been overfished.
但粮农组织还指出，鳄鱼在那些没有过度捕捞的地方较少袭击人类。
The toolkit also has ideas to control baboons. These large monkeys raid crops and they can kill sheep and other livestock.
该工具包也包含防治狒狒的办法。这种大型猴类会破坏农作物，杀死羊和其他牲畜。
One suggestion is to remove the center from a loaf of bread and hide a snake inside -- a live one if possible. Baboons have a fear of snakes. They also have good memories. Rene Czudek at the FAO says a baboon frightened by a snake sandwich will probably not come back.
建议之一是掏空一块面包并将蛇藏到里面 - 如果有可能的话用活蛇。狒狒怕蛇，且他们记性很好。粮农组织的Rene Czudek称，被“蛇三明治”吓坏的狒狒可能将不敢再来。
Another animal with a good memory -- the elephant -- often raids field crops, especially maize and cassava. Mr. Czudek says the loss of a maize crop can mean the loss of a family's food supply for a year.
另一种记性好的动物大象常常破坏农田作物，尤其是玉米和木薯。 Czudek先生说，玉米作物的损失可能意味着一个家庭一年口粮的损失。
Did you know elephants hate chili pepper?
你知道大象讨厌辣椒吗？
Farmers can grind pepper, mix it with elephant waste and form bricks. The idea is to burn these bricks around the edges of fields to keep elephants away. Farmers can also grow fields of chili peppers -- and sell the surplus.
农民可将辣椒磨成粉，将其与大象粪便混合制成砖。在农田四周燃烧这种辣椒砖，使大象远离农田。农民们也可以种植上辣椒并销售。
Another way to control elephants is with a plastic gun called the Mhiripiri Bomber. It fires balls that burst and release a chili solution when they hit the elephant's skin.
另一种防治大象的方法是使用一种名为Mhiripiri Bomber的塑料枪。它能发生出球弹，当球弹击中大象皮肤时会爆裂并释放出辣椒水。
You might also be able to stop an elephant or a hippopotamus by shining lights in their eyes.
你可能还可以使用强光照射它们眼睛阻止大象或河马。
The FAO toolkit is supposed to be available online soon.
粮农组织的工具包有望尽快在网上提供。
相关背景材料可查阅联合国粮农组织官方网站:http://www.fao.org/news/story/zh/item/44036/icode/