An increase in cyber-attacks and identity theft make the Internet seem like a scary place these days.
这些天网络攻击和身份盗用增多让互联网看上去非常可怕。
The hacking of Sony Pictures led the news for some time. The U.S. State Department public email system was shut down. Even the White House was a target of cyber-attack.
索尼影音入侵案一段时间以来一直是头条。美国国务院公共电子邮件系统瘫痪。甚至白宫都是网络攻击的目标。
Last week, there were reports of a billion dollar theft from European banks and secret viruses on millions of computer systems across Russia, China, India, Iran and elsewhere. This raises a question:
上周有报道称欧洲各银行被盗十亿美元，而隐藏病毒存在于俄罗斯、中国、印度、伊朗等地的数百万台电脑之上。这就提出了一个问题：
How can individuals protect or make it more difficult for hackers to access their information?
个人如何防止或者让黑客更难获得他们的信息？
Here are nine tips that can help you protect against cyber-attacks:
以下是可以帮助你对抗网络攻击的九大技巧：
1. Make your password harder to hack
1. 让密码更难被破解
Hard passwords include upper and lower case letters, numbers and special characters. They should be at least eight characters in length. They should also not spell out words easy for hackers to find, like your pet's name or the name of a family member.
牢靠密码包括大写和小写字母，数字和特殊字符，长度至少应该为8位。他们也不能拼写出黑客容易猜出的单词，例如宠物名字或家人名字。
2. Change your password regularly
2. 定期修改密码
A very common mistake made by users is to create one hard password, but then never change it. Remembering a long list of complicated passwords can be difficult. But no password is unbreakable. Hackers are better able hack multiple accounts if those accounts all have the same password. A password management service, like Dashlane or PasswordBox, can help you keep track of hard passwords. These services permit users to easily store and secure their passwords.
用户常犯的错误是设置一个牢靠密码，但之后从不修改密码。记忆一长串复杂密码可能很难。但是没有牢不可破的密码。如果这些账户密码相同，黑客就更能破解多个账户。像Dashlane或PasswordBox之类的密码管理软件可以帮助你记录复杂密码。这些软件允许用户方便地储存和获取他们的密码。
3. Clear your browser history
3. 清除浏览器历史记录
This goes for all the devices you use in a day – your home computer, your work computer, or your friend's iPad. Internet browsers like Firefox or Chrome keep track of where you've been and what you've done online. They keep records of every site you visited. Information about what you sent from or saved on your computer can be kept for days or weeks. It is very easy for anyone who sees that information to steal a detailed record of your online activities.
这适用于你每天使用的所有设备，包括家用电脑、工作电脑或朋友的iPad。Firefox或Chrome等互联网浏览器会记录你在网上去过和做过的事情。它们会记录你访问过的每个网站。你在电脑上发送或保存的信息会被保存数天或数周。看到这些信息的任何人都能轻易窃取你在网上详细的活动记录。
4. Do not use free Wi-Fi
4. 不要使用免费无线网络
An increasing number of public places now offer free wireless access to the Internet. Often, a user does not need a password to connect to these wireless networks. These services might be useful, but they're also an easy way for hackers to access everything on your device. Unless you really need it, it is best not to use it.
现在越来越多的公共场所开始提供免费无线网络接入互联网。通常情况下连接这些无线网络不需要输入密码。这些服务可能有用，但这也是黑客访问你设备上所有内容的捷径。除非真有必要，否则最好不要使用它。
5. Use HTTPS
5. 使用安全连接
HTTPS is officially known as "hyper-text transfer protocol secure." It is similar to HTTP, which is used to enter Internet addresses. HTTPS adds an extra layer of security and encryption while online. Communications between users and sites that support HTTPS are encrypted. The information is also authenticated. That means that HTTPS can determine whether or not a website is real.
HTTPS的正式名称是安全超文本传输协议。它类似于用于输入互联网地址的HTTP协议。HTTPS在上网时增加了一项额外的安全加密层。用户和网站之间支持HTTPS的通信已经加密。信息也经过验证。这就意味HTTPS可以确定一家网站是否是正宗网站。
6. Watch what you click
6. 谨慎点击
One of the most popular and successful ways hackers infect your computer is through a technique called phishing. Phishing occurs when someone opens an email attachment that looks real. But the attachment is actually a virus that immediately infects the user's computer. If someone sends you a file or a website you did not ask for, it is best to not click on it.
黑客感染电脑最常用和最有效的一种办法就是通过所谓的网络钓鱼。当有人打开一个看上去真实的电子邮件附件时，网络钓鱼就发生了。但这个附件实际上是一个病毒，它会迅速感染该用户的电脑。如果有人主动向你发送文件或网站，最好不要点击它。
7. Try not to use public computers
7. 尽量不要使用公共电脑
For many people, not using a public computer can be difficult. Those without a computer or Internet access at home often use Internet cafes to get online. However, the more different people use a computer, the more likely a virus has infected it.
对很多人来说，不使用公共电脑很难。家里没有电脑或无法上网的这些人通常在网吧上网。然而，使用这台电脑的人越多，它被病毒感染的可能性就越大。
8. Use anti-virus protection
8. 安装杀毒软件
There are many anti-virus services available for users. They can offer many different types of computer protection. Some anti-virus services are even free. They are a great way to have a professional help keep users one step ahead of hackers.
市面上有很多杀毒软件可供用户选择。它们可以提供多种不同类型的计算机保护。有些杀毒软件甚至是免费的。这是请专家帮忙使用户领先于黑客的好办法。
9. Be careful while using thumb drive
9. 使用U盘要谨慎
Thumb drives, also known as flash drives, are small and easy storage devices to use across different computers. They are a popular device that people use to exchange files and documents. They can also spread viruses easily across computers and networks.
U盘也称之为闪存，这是一种跨计算机使用的小型便捷储存设备。它们是人们用于交换文档文件的一种常用设备。它们也很容易跨电脑和网络传播病毒。
I'm Jonathan Evans.
我是乔纳斯·埃文斯（Jonathan Evans）。(51VOA.COM对本文翻译保留全部权利，未经授权请勿转载，违者必究！)