This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
United Nations aid agencies say hundreds of thousands of people have fled their homes because of violence in the Middle East and Africa, now are living in poor conditions in refugee camps. The agencies say serious problems with food and water are causing life-threatening diseases to spread in the camps.
联合国救援机构表示，几十万人由于中东和非洲的暴力活动逃离了家园，现在生活在难民营极其恶劣的环境中。该机构表示，食物和水的严重问题导致了危及性命的疾病在难民营传播。
Health Officials say cholera, malaria, jaundice and malnutrition are threatening the lives -- a refugees who had hoped to be safe when they fled to the camps.
卫生官员说，霍乱、疟疾、黄疸和营养不良正危及原本希望逃到难民营寻找安全的难民的生命。
There are thousands of people at one camp in South Sudan. They fled the military conflict in the area. Camp officials say there has been a big increase in hepatitis E: a viral disease spread through bad food and water.
目前有几千人生活在南苏丹的一个难民营。他们在躲避该地区的军事冲突。难民营官员表示戊型肝炎大幅增长，这是一种通过不好的食物和水传播的病毒性疾病。
U.N. refugee agency spokesman Adrian Edwards says most of those infected are young people.
联合国难民署发言人阿德里安·爱德华兹（Adrian Edwards）说，大部分感染者都是青年人。
ADRIAN EDWARDS: "Hepatitis E hits young people between the ages of fifteen and forty hardest. In the three camps where we see refugees with acute jaundice syndrome, more than half are between twenty and thirty-nine."
爱德华兹：“遭受戊型肝炎袭击最为严重的是15到40岁的青年人。我们发现在三个难民营中患有急性黄疸综合症的难民有一半以上是20到39岁之间。”
Many camps in countries like South Sudan, Sierra Leone, Libya, and Nigeria have reported severe cholera outbreaks. Officials say keeping cholera and jaundice from spreading is very difficult. They believe the best way to deal with these diseases is to prevent them.
位于苏丹、塞拉利昂、利比亚和尼日利亚等国家的许多难民营都报告了严重的霍乱疫情。有关官员表示，防止霍乱和黄疸蔓延非常困难，他们认为对付这些疾病最好的办法是预防。
Dr. Peter Hotez is an infectious disease expert. He says cholera can push people to the edge of death quickly.
彼得·霍特兹博士是一名传染病专家。他说，霍乱会很快把人推向死亡的边缘。
PETER HOTEZ: "The vibrio cholerae bacillus produces a toxin, and this toxin has the ability to poison cells in such a way that you can no longer absorb water so you can become just a shriveled, desiccated individual just a few hours after infection."
霍特兹：“霍乱弧菌会产生毒素。这种毒素能够毒害细胞使你不能再吸收水分，这样你就会在感染后短短几个小时候脱水。”
Pillar Bauza is with the UN refugee agency. She works with children in refugee camps across Africa.
皮勒·巴乌萨（Pillar Bauza）就职于联合国难民署。她负责整个非洲难民营的儿童。
PILLAR BAUZA: "We have high rates of mortality above the emergency threshold, plus high rates of malnutrition."
巴乌萨：“我们的死亡率很高，已经高出了紧急阙值，外加营养不良率高。”
Refugee camps along the border with Syria and Turkey have reported cases of cholera and malaria. Experts warn that other bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases could become deadly epidemics in crowded camps as well. Dirty conditions are common in the camps, while safe food and drinking water are hard to find.
叙利亚和土耳其边境的难民营已经报告了霍乱和疟疾病例。专家们警告说，其它细菌、病毒和寄生虫疾病也可能成为拥挤难民营的致命流行病。难民营环境通常很脏，而又很难找到安全的食品和水。
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