一项新研究发现，计划袭击学校的学生经常受到霸凌，并且行事方式让他人担忧。
The same warning signs are found in many adults who carry out shooting attacks.
在许多实施持枪袭击的成年人中也发现了相同的预警信号。
The Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center carried out the study. It examined 100 students responsible for planning 67 attacks from 2006 to 2018 in schools across the U.S. Each of the planned attacks were discovered and prevented.
美国特勤局全国威胁评估中心进行了这项研究。它调查了2006年到2018年美国各地学校中应该对筹划67场袭击负责的100名学生。这些计划袭击都被察觉并阻止。
Most of the students researched were angry at other students. Many were suicidal or had depression. Eight wanted to be famous.
大多数受到调查的学生对其他学生很气愤。很多人想自杀或患有抑郁症。还有8人想出名。
More than half of the students were impacted by bad childhood experiences. Many experienced drug dependence at home or their parents had mental health problems. Others planned to kill themselves as part of the attack and used drugs and alcohol.
这些学生中有一半以上受到了童年不良经历的影响。许多人在家里经历了药物依赖或是父母存在精神健康问题。其他人计划在袭击中自杀，并使用毒品和酒精。
The schools targeted were in 33 states. Most were public high schools. Thirty-seven percent were in areas near cities and 14 percent were in cities. The plotters were mostly male. Only five were female. The youngest was 11 and the oldest was 19.
被当作目标的这些学校分布在美国33个州。大多数是公立高中。37%的学校位于城市附近，14%位于城市。袭击策划者大多是男性。只有5人是女性。最小的11岁，最大的19岁。
Many of the students also showed interest in violence or hate. One-third researched past school shootings. Nine students displayed an interest in the leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler, Nazism or white supremacy.
其中许多学生还表现出了对暴力或仇恨的兴趣。其中1/3的学生研究过以前的校园枪击事件。有9名学生对纳粹德国元首希特勒、纳粹主义或是白人至上主义感兴趣。
The researchers found that about 94 percent talked about their plans in some way. Seventy-five percent of plots were detected because the plotters talked about the attacks, either in person or online. About 36 percent were thwarted within just two days of their intended attacks.
研究人员发现，其中约94%的学生以某种方式谈论了他们的计划。75%的阴谋被察觉是因为策划者当面或在网上谈论袭击。其中大约36%的学生在距离他们预定袭击的时间不到两天内才被阻止。
"The findings demonstrate there are almost always intervention points available before a student resorts to violence," said Lina Alathari, leader of the center.
该中心负责人丽娜·阿拉希里表示：“研究结果表明，在学生诉诸于暴力之前几乎总是存在介入点。”
All of the plots studied were serious planned attacks, and the planners took at least some steps toward committing the attack. The people who discovered the plots and told officials likely saved lives.
调查涉及的所有阴谋都是有计划的严重袭击，谋划者至少采取了一些步骤来实施袭击。发现并向有关官员揭露这些阴谋的人士可能挽救了生命。
The report's findings will be given to more than 11,000 schools and community organizations for training, Alathari said. The goal is to use the information so schools can better identify warning signs. But that does not mean expelling students.
阿拉希里表示，这份报告的结论将提供给超过1.1万所学校和社区组织用于培训。目的是利用这些信息，让学校更好地识别预警信号。但这并不意味着开除学生。
"The study found expelling students doesn't eliminate the risk," said Steven Driscoll, one of the writers of the study. Instead, schools should stop bullying and give mental health support.
该研究的作者之一史蒂文·德里斯科尔表示：“该研究发现开除学生并不能消除这一风险。”相反，学校应该阻止霸凌，并提供精神健康支持。
Some of the students were arrested and faced criminal charges. But the goal of the study, researchers said, was not to identify people to arrest but to identify early warning signs, so that students do not end up getting arrested.
一些学生被捕并面临刑事指控。但是研究人员表示，这项研究的目的并非找出人并逮捕，而是要识别早期预警信号，这样学生不会以被逮捕作为结束。
Driscoll said that planned violence, like school shootings, is preventable if communities can identify warning signs and intervene.
德里斯科尔表示，如果社区可以识别出预警信号并进行干预，那么像校园枪击案之类的有计划暴力事件是可以预防的。
"The primary objective is providing a student with help as early as possible," Driscoll said.
德里斯科尔说：“主要目标是尽早为学生提供帮助。”
I'm Jonathan Evans.
我是乔纳森·埃文斯。(51VOA.COM原创翻译，请勿转载，违者必究！)