一项新的研究表明，鲜有保健品可以预防心脏病发或病故。
Researchers wanted to find out if 16 different nutritional supplements and eight special diets had an effect on the risk of heart problems and strokes.
研究人员想要了解16种不同的保健品和8种特殊膳食是否会对心脏病或中风的风险存在影响。
For the answer, the researchers examined results from 277 studies, which involved nearly one million people. Their findings were reported in the medical publication Annals of Internal Medicine.
为了找出答案，研究人员分析了277项研究的结论，这些研究涉及了近百万人。他们的分析结果发表在医学刊物《内科学年鉴》上。
The United States Department of Agriculture has identified two diets, what it calls eating patterns, as examples of healthy ways to eat. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 identifies one as the Mediterranean-style diet. It is rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, fish and healthy fats. Studies have linked this kind of diet to improved heart and brain health.
美国农业部已经确定了两种膳食，也就是所谓的饮食习惯，作为健康饮食典范。2015-2020年美国人膳食指南确定了一种地中海膳食。它富含水果、蔬菜、豆类、全谷类、鱼类和健康脂肪。各项研究将这种膳食跟改善心脏和大脑健康联系了起来。
A vegetarian diet, one that does not include meat, has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease.
不包括肉类的素食也一直跟降低心脏病风险联系了起来。
The researchers say there is little evidence supporting the use of nutritional supplements. Yet about half of U.S. adults take at least one supplement to improve their health.
研究人员表示，几乎没有证据支持服用保健品。然而，近一半美国成年人至少服用一种保健品来改善他们的健康状况。
Some dietary measures did help
一些饮食措施确有帮助
The researchers did find evidence that reduced use of salt was linked to a lower risk of dying from all causes among people with normal blood pressure.
研究人员确实发现，少吃盐能够降低高血压患者各种死亡风险。
Some supplements also appeared to have a good effect on human health. Omega-3 fatty acids appeared to lower the risk of heart attack and heart disease in adults.
一些保健品似乎也对人类健康存在有利影响。omega-3脂肪酸似乎可以降低成年人心肌埂塞和心脏疾病的风险。
Also, folic acid, a B vitamin, appeared to lower the risk of strokes: blockages of blood flow that can damage the brain or cause death.
此外，叶酸这种B族维生素似乎也可以降低中风的风险。这种血流阻塞可以损伤大脑或导致死亡。
However, the study suggested that combining calcium and vitamin D might increase the risk of stroke.
然而，该研究表明，同时服用钙和维生素D可能会提高中风的风险。
For other common supplements, there seemed to be no major effect on risk of death or cardiovascular health, the researchers said. Those supplements include selenium, vitamin A, B6, C, E and vitamin D alone.
研究人员表示，其它常见的保健品似乎对死亡风险或心血管健康风险没有太大的影响。这些保健品包括硒、维生素A、维生素B6、维生素C以及单独的维生素D。
Calcium alone, folic acid and iron did not appear to help heart health either. Neither did eating patterns like the Mediterranean diet. The research suggested that reduced saturated fat, reduced dietary fat or the use of fish oil supplements also did not help the heart.
单独补充钙、叶酸和铁似乎对心脏健康也没有帮助。地中海膳食之类的饮食习惯也没什么帮助。该研究表明，减少饱和脂肪、减少膳食脂肪或服用鱼油保健品对心脏也没有帮助。
The large study had a lot of information on many individuals. It used a method of randomly having patients take supplements while other people did not. This method is generally considered effective. But the researchers admit there were limits to their study.
这项大型研究包含了大量个体的大量信息。它采用了随机模式，让一些患者服用保健品，另一些不服用。通常这种方法被认为是有效的。但是研究人员承认他们的研究存在局限性。
One was that different doses or amounts of supplements were not compared over different time periods.
其中一点是没有对不同时期服用不同数量的保健品进行比较。
However, the researchers said there was enough evidence to suggest that people should not start taking supplements if they want to prevent heart problems.
然而研究人员表示，有足够证据表明，人们想预防心脏病，就不应该开始服用补品。
Eric Topol is an official with Scripps Research in La Jolla, California. He told the Reuters news agency that he agreed with the findings.
艾里克·托普尔是加州拉荷亚市斯科瑞普斯研究机构的官员。他对路透社表示，他认同这一研究结果。
"There are no convincing data that any vitamin or supplement reduces heart attacks," he said.
他说：“没有任何令人信服的数据可以证明维生素或保健品可以降低心脏病发作的风险。”
Topol was not involved in the study.
托普尔并未参与这项研究。
The lead author of the report was Safi Khan of the University School of Medicine in Morgantown, West Virginia. He wrote that people should get their nutrition from a wide group of foods.
这项报告的主要作者西弗吉尼亚大学医学院的萨菲·汗。这所大学位于西弗吉尼亚州摩根城。萨菲·汗写道，人们应该从广泛的食物中获得营养。
"People should focus on healthy diet from nutritional food sources, not vitamins or supplements, in combination with healthy lifestyle which includes regular physical activity and not smoking," he wrote.
他写道：“人们应该把重点放在源自营养食物的健康饮食上，而不是维生素或保健品上，同时要结合健康的生活方式，包括定期锻炼和不吸烟。”
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