Today we have a vocabulary quiz.
今天我们来做词汇测试。
We start with two questions about terms for plants.
首先是两个关于植物术语的问题。
First question: What is the name for a plant that lives only one year or one growing season? This kind of plant is called an "annual." Think of an annual report -- a report published just once a year.
第一个问题：只能存活一年或一个生长季的植物的英文名称是什么？这种植物被称之为annual（一年生植物）。再看看annual report，意思就是年度报告。
You can probably guess the next question. What do we call a plant that produces new growth year after year? Plants that keep growing back are called "perennials." So a perennial is the opposite of an annual. Perennials come back year after year.
你可能已经猜到了下个问题。我们怎么称呼年复一年不断重生的植物呢？会一直重生的植物我们称之为pernnials(多年生植物)。所以perennials是annual的反义词。多年生植物会年复一年重生。
Now some questions about terms for livestock.
现在是有关牲畜术语的问题。
What is another name for a male cow? A bull, right? Well, not always. A male cow is usually called a bull only if it still has its reproductive organs. If not, we call it a -- what? The answer: a steer.
雄牛的另一个名称是什么？bull(公牛)，对吗？嗯，并非总是如此。雄牛通常只有在具备生殖器官时才叫公牛。如果没有，我们就称之为steer(阉公牛)。
Next question:
下一个问题：
What is another name for a young cow? A very young cow is called a calf. But a young female cow, especially one that has not had a calf yet, has a special name. Do you know what it is?
小牛的另一个名称是什么？非常小的牛称之为calf（牛犊）。但是小母牛，特别是还没生过牛犊的有一个特别的名字。你知道这个名字是什么吗？
The answer: a heifer. Maybe you knew that. But here is a question just for our radio and podcast listeners -- can you spell it? Heifer is spelled H-E-I-F-E-R.
答案就是，heifer（小母牛）。可能你知道这个。但是以下是给我们听众特别准备的问题，你能拼出来吗？
Cows, like all mammals, lactate. Our next question is: do you know what that means? To lactate means to produce milk. Cows lactate for up to ten months. In milk, fat rises to the top. But some people do not like to drink milk that way. So there is a process that reduces the size of the fat particles and mixes them all through the milk. This process has a name -- a long name. What is it? It's "homogenization."
奶牛像所有哺乳动物一样会泌乳（lactate）。我们的下一个问题是：你知道它是什么意思吗？泌乳就是产奶。奶牛会产奶长达十个月。在牛奶中，脂肪会浮到上层。但是有些人不喜欢喝这种牛奶。因此会有一个降低脂肪颗粒大小并把它们混合到牛奶中的过程。这个过程有个名称，一个很长的名称，那就是homogenization（同质化）。
Still with us? OK, another question.
还在听我们的节目吗？好，下一个问题。
Milk can be made into cheese. Some people like cheese made with milk from a sheep. What do you call a female sheep? The answer: a ewe, spelled E-W-E.
牛奶可以制成奶酪。有些人喜欢羊奶制成的奶酪。雌羊怎么称呼？答案就是，ewe(母羊)。
Male sheep have their own name. A male sheep is a -- what? A ram. Rams and ewes produce lambs. A lamb is a sheep less than a year old. But what do you call the meat from a sheep over a year old? We call it "mutton."
雄羊也有自己的名称，它就是ram(公羊)。公羊和母羊会生下lambs(小羊羔)。小羊羔是指一岁以内的羊。但是，一岁以上的羊产的肉叫什么？我们称之为mutton（羊肉）。
Age also plays a part in terms for horses. For example, a mare is generally a female three years or older. But what do you call a female horse under three?
同样年龄在马的术语上也起到了一部分作用。例如，mare是指三年或三年以上的母马。但是，你知道三岁以下的母马叫什么？
The answer: a filly. And for extra credit: do you know the name for a male horse under four? A colt.
答案就是：filly。额外加分题：你知道四岁以下公马的名称吗？答案就是colt（雄马驹）。
If you want to take the quiz again, you can find it on our website: 51voa.com
如果想再次参加我们的测试，请访问我们的网站51voa.com。
I'm Marsha James.
我是玛莎·詹姆斯。(51VOA.COM对本文翻译保留全部权利，未经授权请勿转载，违者必究！)