这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。
Today we continue our series of expert suggestions for academic writing. Our guest is Jennifer Ahern-Dodson, assistant professor of the Practice in Writing Studies at Duke University in North Carolina.
今天我们继续推出学术写作专家建议系列。我们的嘉宾是珍妮弗·埃亨-多德森（Jennifer Ahern-Dodson），她是北卡罗莱纳州杜克大学写作实践研究助理教授。
Ms. Ahern-Dodson starts a conversation with both students and professors planning to write a paper or essay. She asks about their earlier writing experiences. Were they negative or positive?
埃亨-多德森与打算写一篇论文的师生们开始了一场对话。她问到了他们早期的写作经验，它们是正面还是负面的？
She advises that you are not alone if you have had problems with your writing. She says everyone struggles with writing.
她劝解说你并不孤单，如果你在写作上有过问题的话。她说每个人都面临着写作难。
第二语言为英语的学生在进行英语写作练习
"Writing is hard. All writers struggle at some point. And even if writing has come easily for you, at some point in your work as a student, that eventually you're going to hit a roadblock. And so part of what I like to get folks thinking about is -- besides writing's hard for everybody – is to really take a moment to think about their past writing experiences. And when the writing is going well, what was happening? When the writing wasn't going well, what was happening?"
“写作很难。所有写作者某个时刻都有过挣扎。即使在你作为学生的某个时刻写作对你来说很容易，最终你也将会碰壁。所以除了写作的艰难，我希望各位真正花点时间去回忆自己过往的写作经验。当写作很顺时发生过什么？当写作不顺时发生过什么？”
She says most people's negative writing experiences happened because a very specific formula is required for a paper including an exact length.
她说很多人发生负面写作经验，是因为一篇论文需要具体格式，包括确切长度。
"And so they primarily focus on, and worry about, what the final product has to look like, like how many pages for a research essay? Or if it is in the second or third language, you know, punctuation and grammar, like whether it gets communicated in the right language.
“所以他们主要关注并担心的是论文的最终成文有什么要求，例如一篇研究论文得多少页？或者是否用第二或第三语言，标点和语法，例如是否用适当语言来交流。”
"And so focusing on the end makes it really hard to get started."
“所以关注结果使得其难以下笔。”
Another problem can arise when the need to do well on a paper is extremely important.
另一个问题可能出现在当写好某篇论文非常重要的时候。
"...like a timed essay exam, or a college application essay, or a research paper that is at the end of the semester, and it's tied to the entire grade for the class. So worrying about what will happen if they don't do well – get bad grades, don't get into college -- creates, of course, significant anxiety. And that can make it harder to get the writing done."
“像限时论文考试，或是大学申请论文，或学期结束时的研究报告，它和整个课程的成绩捆绑在一起。所以大家会担心如果写不好会发生什么：会得低分，会没法进入大学，这当然会引起严重焦虑。而这会使得完成论文更加困难。”
Then she and the people she's helping move to more positive projects. She says usually when writing comes easily, the writers feel they have something important to say.
然后她和她所帮助的人们转移到了更积极的方面。她说，通常当写作来得容易时，写作者感觉他们有重要的话要说。
The teacher advises asking yourself questions. What personal understanding of the subject can you bring to your paper? Why is this subject important? For whom is it meaningful? Who will be reading it?
她建议大家向自己提问。你对论文的主题有何个人理解？为什么这个主题很重要？它们对谁很有意义？谁会来读它？
"...Think about who your audience is, and what it is that you really want to say to them. And what that can do is help you switch from the final product and what it can look like (to) really more on what you have to offer, your particular perspective."
“想想谁是你的读者？你真正想对他们表达的是什么？这些可以帮助你从论文成文后是怎么样的转移到你想表达什么特定观点上。”
She says that is an important change for all writers.
她说，这对所有写作者来说是一个重要变化。
And that's the VOA Learning English Education Report. Coming soon: Jennifer Ahern-Dodson talks about doing research, sitting down to write and sharing your writing with others.
以上就是本期美国之音慢速英语教育报道的全部内容。即将推出的内容是：埃亨-多德森谈做研究和写作，也欢迎你同他人分享你的写作经验。(51VOA.COM对本文翻译保留全部权利，未经授权请勿转载，违者必究！)