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埃及总统扩权反对派上街抗议 Egyptian Opposition Protests After President Grants Himself Sweeping Powers

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23 November, 2012

埃及总统穆罕默德•穆尔西说，他希望把国家推向稳定与安全，并表示他不想大权独揽。

穆尔西星期五在开罗发表讲话时作出了这番表态。同时，他的支持者和反政府抗议者在开罗不同地段举行集会。穆尔西说，解散立法机构的决定不是他做的，他誓言要继续努力制定埃及新宪法。他说，埃及正在迈向自由与民主。

在他讲这番话的一天前，穆尔西让自己的职位不受监督，还宣布，法院或任何权威机构均无权受理针对他的决定所提出的申诉。

在他宣布扩大总统权力后，反对派支持者在开罗解放广场集会示威，并放火焚烧了苏伊士、赛义德港和伊斯梅利亚等好几座城市的穆斯林兄弟会办事处。

反对派领袖、诺贝尔和平奖得主穆罕默德•巴拉迪说，穆尔希等于是宣布自己是“新法老”。预计巴拉迪将参加开罗的抗议活动。这位自由派政治人物和前联合国原子能机构负责人说，穆尔西篡夺了所有国家权力。他警告说，这可能会有严重的后果。

穆尔西总统的发言人是在星期四宣布的总统令，理由是必须“保卫革命”。反对派成员称穆尔西此举是非法行为。

总统令禁止埃及法院解散议会上院以及负责起草新宪法的制宪大会。这两个机构都由穆尔西的伊斯兰主义盟友主导。此外，穆尔西还下令重新审判那些使用暴力镇压去年民众革命的前政府官员，包括长期执政的前总统穆巴拉克。他的支持者说，早就该下这样的命令了。

在穆尔西采取这些行动之前，国际社会正在赞扬他为调解加沙停火所做的努力。

Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi says he wants to move Egypt forward as a stable and safe nation, and says he does not want sole control of the country.

He made the remarks in a speech Friday in Cairo, as supporters and anti-government protesters rallied in different parts of the city. Mr. Morsi said he was not behind the dissolving of the lawmaking body, and he vowed to continue the nation's work on a new constitution. He said Egypt is on a path to freedom and democracy.

His remarks come a day after he put himself above oversight and declared that his decisions cannot be appealed by the courts or any other authority.

In reponse, opposition supporters gathered to demonstrate in Cairo's Tahrir Square and set fire to Muslim Brotherhood offices in several other cities, including Suez, Port Said, and Ismailia.

Opposition leader and Nobel laureate Mohamed ElBaradai, who says Mr. Morsi has declared himself a "new pharaoh," is expected to attend the Cairo protests. The liberal politician and former chief of the U.N. nuclear energy agency says Mr. Morsi has usurped all state powers and warned that there could be dire consequences.  

President Morsi's spokesman announced the decree Thursday, citing a need to "protect the revolution." Opposition members have called the move illegal.

The decree also bars Egypt's judiciary from dissolving the upper house of parliament and an assembly drafting a new constitution -- two bodies dominated by Mr. Morsi's Islamist allies.

In addition, Mr. Morsi has ordered retrials of former officials who used violence in efforts to suppress last year's popular revolution against longtime president Hosni Mubarak.

Mr. Morsi's supporters say his decree was long overdue.

The president's action comes after he received international praise for mediating a Gaze cease-fire.