[ti:From News Event Comes Common Expressions] [by:www.51voa.com] [00:00.00]更多听力请访问51VOA.COM [00:00.12] [00:07.34]Hello and welcome to another Words and Their Stories, from VOA Learning English. [00:14.48]Each week we tell the story of words and expressions used in American English. [00:23.36]Today, we talk about two phrases that were ripped from the headlines, [00:29.12]meaning they both came into the language [00:32.32]from news events that were covered extensively in the press. [00:38.68]The first is Stockholm syndrome. [00:43.12]Stockholm is, of course, a big city in Sweden. [00:48.08]Syndrome is a condition. [00:52.08]Stockholm syndrome is a type of brainwashing, a psychological condition. [00:58.80]It describes a situation where a person held captive [01:04.10]develops positive feelings toward their captors. [01:08.88]This expression comes from a failed bank robbery in Stockholm, Sweden. [01:15.48]In August of 1973 bank robbers held four employees captive in the bank for six days. [01:26.04]In time, the captives developed a strong connection with their captors. [01:33.60]One captive allegedly said she was afraid [01:37.64]the police would try to rescue them and endanger the captors. [01:44.20]You may hear the phrase Stockholm syndrome in news reports [01:48.24]where kidnapped people refuse to leave their captors [01:52.16]after living in captivity for a long time. [01:56.44]Fearing for their lives, these people have learned how to survive the best way they can. [02:05.00]Connecting with their captors is their coping mechanism. [02:11.25]We also use Stockholm syndrome to describe people who stay in unhealthy [02:18.56]and sometimes even abusive relationships. [02:23.96]A famous example of Stockholm syndrome here in the U.S. [02:28.48]relates to a wealthy heiress named Patty Hearst. [02:33.68]In 1974 a group called the Symbionese Liberation Army kidnapped Hearst, [02:42.28]the 19-year-old grand-daughter of a wealthy newspaper owner. [02:49.00]Several weeks after her kidnapping, [02:51.80]Hearst helped her captors rob a bank in California. [02:56.84]Then she ran from authorities. [03:00.68]Finally, the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested Hearst, [03:06.08]and lawyers charged her with armed bank robbery. [03:10.79]Hearst said she was a victim of brainwashing. [03:15.84]She claimed she was abused by her captors and afraid for her life. [03:22.25]Many professionals said she suffered from Stockholm syndrome. [03:28.20]The court, however, did not agree. [03:32.40]She was sentenced to 35 years in jail, but she only served two. [03:40.88]With help, people who are brainwashed can unlearn this coping mechanism. [03:47.64]However, recovery is much more difficult for those who have drunk the Kool-Aid. [03:55.36]Let's say someone believes in something with all their heart and soul. [04:01.36]That something can be a social cause, [04:05.32]a political movement or the person in charge. [04:11.48]If they are so wrapped up in the cause, movement or person [04:16.48]– to the point where they are unable to think for themselves [04:20.96]– we say they have drunk the Kool-Aid. [04:24.96]But what is Kool-Aid and how does drinking it relate to brainwashing? [04:33.16]Kool-Aid is a flavored, sweet drink [04:36.88]that was once very popular with American children. [04:41.84]However, to drink the Kool-Aid is to accept the beliefs of [04:46.52]another person or organization completely. [04:51.68]This expression comes from a very dark, [04:54.88]disturbing event that happened in 1978. [05:00.18]An American named Jim Jones was operating a utopian community [05:07.36]in Guyana, South America called Jonestown. [05:12.08]But according to former members and eyewitnesses, [05:17.16]Jonestown was not a utopia. [05:21.04]It was a cult and a prison. [05:25.24]Members were not allowed to leave nor were they fed properly. [05:31.40]And Jones claimed the role of father figure over everyone. [05:38.08]Former members of the cult who managed to escape [05:42.08]asked the U.S. government to get involved. [05:46.68]So, U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan and several journalists [05:52.50]went to Guyana to investigate. [05:57.12]At the airport as the group was preparing to leave, [06:01.40]a cult member shot at the group. [06:05.48]On the runway, he killed Ryan, several journalists and a fleeing cult member. [06:14.12]Before the U.S. government could act, [06:16.84]Jim Jones asked his followers to kill themselves [06:21.16]by drinking a sweet, flavored beverage. [06:24.88]The drink contained poison. [06:28.52]More than 900 of his followers drank it [06:32.92]-- some willingly, some forced. [06:37.28]The massacre led to the expression "don't drink the Kool-Aid." [06:42.12]As an historical note, the beverage that contained the poison [06:47.52]was not actually Kool-Aid but another similar brand called Flavor-Aid. [06:55.44]This detail, however, does not change the expression. [07:00.56]Nor does its terrible origin stop people from using it. [07:06.84]In fact, in 2012 editors at Forbes included "drink the Kool-Aid" [07:13.56]in that magazine's List of Most Annoying Business Jargon. [07:19.08]Despite the dark origins of both "drink the Kool-aid" [07:23.96]and "Stockholm syndrome," they are both used today [07:28.34]in serious and non-serious situations. [07:32.52]I'm Anna Matteo. [07:37.64]更多听力请访问51VOA.COM