[ti:Abortion Fights Move to US States] [by:www.51voa.com] [00:00.00]更多听力请访问51VOA.COM [00:00.04]Following the U.S. Supreme Court's decision last week [00:05.44]to overturn Roe v. Wade, the battle for abortion rights [00:11.76]has now moved to state courts [00:14.76]and legislatures around the country. [00:19.48]Thirteen American states, mainly in the South and Midwest, [00:25.76]had laws ready that would ban abortion [00:30.08]once Roe v. Wade was overturned. [00:34.16]Abortion is a medical operation that ends a pregnancy. [00:41.32]The Guttmacher Institute is an organization [00:45.36]that supports abortion rights. [00:48.84]It says 26 American states are likely to ban abortion [00:55.80]now that Roe has been overturned. [00:59.92]Opponents of abortion rights [01:03.00]are now seeking to ban abortion across all 50 states. [01:09.80]Abortion-rights supporters are trying to block [01:14.28]or delay such measures in state courts. [01:18.44]Many cases center on so-called "trigger laws." [01:24.28]These are laws that ban abortion [01:28.44]but only become enforceable [01:31.20]after the overturn of Roe. [01:34.16]Other legal actions target old anti-abortion state laws [01:40.60]that were unenforced under Roe, known as "zombie laws." [01:47.28]Nancy Northup is head of the Center for Reproductive Rights. [01:53.28]She said last Friday, "We'll be back in court tomorrow [01:58.80]and the next day and the next day" to argue these cases. [02:04.64]Brigitte Amiri of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) [02:11.44]said the organization is looking at "all options" [02:16.60]to protect access to abortion. [02:20.40]As of Saturday, abortion services had stopped [02:25.16]in at least 11 American states [02:28.40]— either because of state laws or questions about them. [02:34.64]In Louisiana, the state's Republican attorney general [02:39.56]wrote Friday on Twitter that the state's "trigger law" was in effect immediately. [02:47.00]And the three health centers providing abortions in the state closed that day. [02:55.68]On Monday, abortion rights supporters took legal action [03:01.08]hoping to delay the ban in Louisiana. [03:04.84]They argued that state laws are unclear [03:09.60]on when a ban can take effect [03:12.52]and what is considered an exception to the law. [03:17.56]Hours later, a judge in New Orleans [03:21.12]temporarily blocked enforcement of the state's trigger law. [03:26.80]At least one of the state's abortion clinics [03:31.08]said it would restart performing abortions on Tuesday. [03:36.56]In Utah, the state's Planned Parenthood group [03:41.52]has challenged a trigger law with narrow exceptions in the state. [03:47.72]Laura Herner is a professor [03:50.64]at Mitchell Hamline School of Law in St. Paul, Minnesota. [03:56.12]She told The Associated Press that other challenges might argue [04:02.32]whether state laws fully and clearly protect the life [04:07.44]or health of a pregnant woman. [04:11.44]Although the high court ruled that the U.S. Constitution [04:16.48]does not guarantee the right to an abortion, [04:20.16]abortion rights supporters argue [04:23.72]that some state constitutions protect the right. [04:28.68]In Florida, abortion rights supporters asked a judge [04:34.52]to block a new state law that bans abortions [04:39.08]after 15 weeks, with few exceptions. [04:43.68]The law is set to take effect this week. [04:48.40]The ACLU of Florida [04:51.40]has argued that it violates the Florida Constitution. [04:56.84]In another legal action, a Jewish group said the Florida law [05:03.00]conflicts with the separation of church and state. [05:07.88]And the ACLU of Arizona and an abortion-rights group [05:14.32]are seeking to block a 2021 state law [05:18.92]they worry can be used to halt all abortions. [05:24.48]Abortion rights supporters are also looking into bans [05:30.04]under "zombie laws" now that there is no federal protection for abortion. [05:37.64]For example, the state of Wisconsin passed a law in 1849 [05:44.60]banning abortions except to save the life of the mother. [05:50.08]Attorney General Josh Kaul, a Democrat, [05:54.56]said he does not believe the law is enforceable. [05:59.32]But abortion opponents have called on state lawmakers [06:04.24]to establish a new ban. [06:06.96]In Wisconsin, Planned Parenthood said the state [06:12.00]immediately suspended all abortions, [06:15.64]even though law enforcement officials [06:18.88]suggested that they would not enforce the ban. [06:24.16]In Michigan, Planned Parenthood challenged a 1931 [06:29.56]abortion ban ahead of last week's Supreme Court ruling. [06:35.96]In May, a judge said the ban could not be enforced [06:41.04]because it violates the state's constitution. [06:45.68]Abortion rights supporters are now trying to get [06:50.08]a proposed state constitutional amendment on the ballot in November [06:56.16]to protect abortion and birth control. [07:01.16]Idaho, Oklahoma and Texas have passed laws [07:06.12]that permit people to seek bounties [07:09.40]against those who help others get abortions. [07:14.00]A bounty is an amount of money [07:17.40]given to someone as a reward for catching a criminal. [07:22.92]These laws have raised questions over whether people [07:28.08]can be followed across state lines under the law. [07:33.28]Legal challenges are also likely to come up [07:37.76]in cases of abortion medicine sent to patients. [07:43.12]The California Legislature, controlled by Democrats, [07:47.92]passed a bill Thursday to protect abortion providers [07:52.92]and volunteers in the state [07:55.84]from civil judgments put in place by other states. [08:01.12]And in Massachusetts, Republican Governor Charlie Baker [08:06.88]signed an executive order Friday barring state agencies [08:13.12]from helping other states' investigations into anyone [08:18.20]who receives a legal abortion in Massachusetts. [08:23.80]I'm Bryan Lynn. 更多听力请访问51VOA.COM