研究人员称无需担心手机会导致肿瘤

    From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
    这里是美国之音慢速英语健康和生活方式报道。

    Two United States government studies of cellphone radiation have found a weak link to an increased risk of cancer in animals.
    美国政府两项对手机辐射的研究发现了手机辐射和动物患癌风险提高之间的微弱联系。

    But government officials and scientists are telling cellphone users not to worry. They say it is safe to use your mobile device.
    但是政府官员和科学家们告诉手机用户不用担心。他们表示使用移动设备是安全的。

    Earlier studies of cellphone users had found little reason for concern.
    对手机用户的早期研究没有发现什么值得担心的理由。

    The latest research took a close look at the effects of very high radiation levels in animals to answer some questions that could not be tested on human subjects.
    最新研究仔细研究了非常高的辐射水平对动物的影响,以解答一些无法在人体上测试的问题。

    In one study, researchers left cellphones in an area with rats. The researchers say radiation from the devices may have been responsible for a small increase in an unusual form of heart tumor in male rats. Yet there were no big problems in female rats or in a separate study of mice.
    在一项研究中,研究人员将手机跟大白鼠放在同一区域。研究人员表示,这些设备的辐射可能是造成雄性大白鼠异常心脏肿瘤小幅增加的原因。然而,在雌雄大白鼠或另一项研究的小白鼠中没有发现什么大问题。

    The Associated Press (AP) says the scientists could not find strong evidence for concern about brain tumors.
    美联社表示,科学家找不到担心肿瘤的切实证据。

    Reaction to the findings
    对研究结果的反应

    John Bucher is with the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. He was the lead writer of the report on the study. He told the AP he is not changing his cellphone use or asking his family to.
    约翰·布彻(John Bucher)就职于国家环境健康科学研究所,他是该研究报告的主要作者。他对美联社表示,他不会改变手机的使用或是要求家人这么做。

    Otis Brawley is the American Cancer Society's chief medical officer. After reading the studies, he said, "I am actually holding my cellphone up to my ear."
    奥蒂斯·布劳利(Otis Brawley)是美国癌症协会的首席医疗官。他在读完该研究报告后表示:“实际上我刚把手机拿到耳边。”

    The rat and mice studies are not the same as real-life cellphone use, he noted.
    他指出,大白鼠和小白鼠的研究跟实际生活中使用手机有所不同。

    John Bucher said the findings of the rare nerve-tissue tumor found in the hearts of male rats does not mean humans should be worried.
    布彻表示,在雄性大白鼠心脏中发现的罕见神经组织肿瘤并不意味着人类就该为此担心。

    His agency carried out a $25 million study for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which quickly said cellphones are safe.
    他所在的机构为美国食品和药品管理局进行了一项花费2500万美元的研究。该局赶紧表示手机是安全的。

    Bucher said average cellphone use is "very, very, very much lower than what we studied."
    布彻表示,手机的平均使用水平比我们研究中的要低很多很多。

    High radiation levels
    高辐射水平

    He told reporters the rats and mice were exposed to the radiation for nine hours a day and for a period of up to two years. The radiation levels were so high that humans would only experience it for a short time.
    他对记者表示,这些大白鼠在两年多的时间内每天暴露在辐射下达到9个小时。这种辐射水平是如此之高,人类只会短时间经历这些。

    He said, "At best, it might be a weak carcinogen ... if, in fact, it is a carcinogen."
    他说:”如果它确实是一种致癌物质,那么它充其量只是一种微弱的致癌物质。“

    For some unknown reason, the rats exposed to the radiation lived longer than the non-radiated rats. Bucher said that could be just chance, or it could be that the radiation reduced the risk of a rat disease.
    由于一些未知原因,受到辐射的大白鼠要比未受到辐射的大白鼠寿命要更长。布彻表示,这可能只是偶然,或者可能是因为辐射降低了鼠类疾病的风险。

    The program released early test results two years ago. The earlier report showed a small risk of increased brain tumors in male rats. However, the final results were unable to confirm that.
    该项目在两年前发布了早期的测试结果。早期的报告显示雄性大白鼠脑瘤增加的风险很小。然而,最终的结果无法证实这点。

    Other changes noted
    提到的其它变化

    The new rat study found evidence for increases in damage to DNA, brain tumors and a few other cancers, but it was not clear that it was related to the cellphones.
    这项新的大白鼠研究中发现了DNA损伤、脑瘤和其它癌症增加的证据,但是是否有手机有关并不清楚。

    "Evidence of DNA damage was seen in some tissues of some animals," Bucher said. He added that he didn't have the evidence to comment on its biological importance.
    布彻表示:“在一些动物的某些组织中发现了DNA损伤。”他补充说,他没有证据来评论其生物重要性。

    Still, it was surprising that the animals did experience other effects, even if they were not at high enough levels to be important, said Leeka Kheifets. She is an epidemiology professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is also the former head of radiation studies for the World Health Organization.
    尽管如此,令人惊讶的是,这些动物确实经历了其它效应,即使它们的重要程度不高,Leeka Kheifets如是表示。她是加州大学洛杉矶分校的一位流行病学教授,也是世界卫生组织辐射研究的前任负责人。

    "There is some concern that there is so much activity going on," she said. But "it's not like the sky is falling, a huge effect."
    她说:“有人担心到处有辐射,但是这又不像天塌下来有那么大的影响。”

    The findings failed to satisfy those concerned about cellphone radiation, like David Carpenter. He is the head of environmental health at the State University of New York in Albany. He said the studies were not large enough to uncover some rare problems and that the findings about brain tumors "cannot be dismissed."
    这项调查结果并未满足那些担心手机辐射的人,例如戴维·卡本特(David Carpenter)。他是奥尔巴尼市的纽约州立大学环境健康方面的负责人。他说,这些研究尚不足以揭示一些罕见问题,而且有关脑瘤的研究结果无法被抛之脑后。

    "It's not anywhere near as dangerous as cigarettes," Carpenter said. But he added that there is a real danger from continual use of a cellphone.
    卡本特表示:“它不像香烟那样危险。”但是他补充说,持续使用手机确实有风险。

    In 2011, a working group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer said cellphones could possibly cause cancer. But many studies over the years have found little evidence of a problem.
    2011年,国际癌症研究机构的一个工作小组表示,手机可能会导致癌症。但是多年来的许多研究都未发现有什么问题。

    I'm Jonathan Evans.
    我是乔纳森·埃文斯。(51VOA.COM原创翻译,禁止转载,违者必究!)