This is the VOA Special English Education Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。
Congress is studying how to change immigration policies in an effort to get more foreign students to stay and work in the United States. Many foreign students come to the United States to earn advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering and math. But many are unable to get a visa to live and work here after they graduate.
美国国会正在研究如何改革移民政策，以使更多外国留学生留在美国工作。许多外国留学生来美国读科学、技术、工程和数学方面的高等学位。但毕业后很多人无法获得签证继续留在美国生活和工作。
In two thousand nine, foreign students earned up to two-thirds of the physics and engineering doctorates awarded by American colleges and universities.
2009年，外国留学生获得了高达2/3的由美国高校颁发的物理和工程博士学位。
Xiao Qin from Beijing is studying for a PhD in computer science at Georgetown University in Washington. He would like to work for Google, Yahoo or Microsoft.
来自北京的小秦（Xiao Qin，音译）正在华盛顿乔治敦大学就读计算机科学博士学位。他希望能进入谷歌、雅虎或微软工作。
XIAO QIN: "Obviously, we prefer to stay here for several years, but if we cannot get any valid visa we have to leave."
小秦：“显然，我们更希望在美国呆上数年，但如果不能得到任何有效签证，我们只能离开。”
So far no agreement has been reached on how to stop this so-called reverse brain drain. The loss of highly skilled workers usually involves developing countries losing them to wealthier ones.
到目前为止尚未就如何阻止所谓的人才外流达成任何协议。高科技员工的流失通常包括发展中国家向更富裕国家流失。
Critics say immigration policies in the United States are too restrictive. One of those critics is Representative Zoe Lofgren, a Democrat who represents parts of Silicon Valley in California. She spoke at a recent congressional hearing on the issue.
批评人士称，美国移民政策过于严格。众议员佐伊·洛夫格伦（Zoe Lofgren）是这些批评者之一，她是加州硅谷的民主党代表。她在最近国会就此问题的一次听证会上做了发言。
ZOE LOFGREN: "While we once asked the brightest minds in the world to come and make their homes here, we now turn them away. Having educated and trained the world's best students in our universities, we no longer welcome them to enrich this nation."
洛夫格伦：“我们曾经邀请全球最顶尖人才到美国定居，但现在我们开始反行其道。我们的大学培养了全球最顶尖的学生，我们却不再欢迎他们来使美国更加强大。”
High-tech companies look for workers at the nation's top universities. Some companies, including Texas Instruments, say it can take ten years for their foreign workers to become permanent residents. Darla Whitaker is a senior vice president at Texas Instruments.
高科技公司在美国顶尖大学寻找员工。包括德州仪器在内的一些公司表示，他们公司的外籍员工要成为永久居民需要耗时十年之久。达拉·惠特克（Darla Whitaker）是德州仪器高级副总裁。
DARLA WHITAKER: "This is not sustainable. It hurts our company and our industry and it places burdens and stresses on our employees."
惠特克：“这是不可持续的，它伤害我们的公司和行业，给我们的员工带来了压力和负担。”
The United States limits the number of immigrants from other countries on a country-by-country basis. Students from countries with large populations generally have to wait the longest for a "green card," or proof of permanent residency. A group called the National Foundation for American Policy says a highly skilled Indian worker could have to wait up to seventy years.
美国基于不同国家限制来自其它国家的移民人数。来自人口众多的国家的学生通常需要为绿卡等待最长时间。美国政策国家基金会表示，一名高熟练度的印度工人可能需要等待长达7年之久。
Vivek Wadhwa studies immigrants who start their own companies. He says the United States needs to change its immigration policies.
威维克·瓦德瓦开设了自己的公司研究移民。他说，美国需要改变其移民政策。
VIVEK WADHWA: "We're out of touch. We are in a knowledge economy. It is all about competition. If we don't keep these people, if we don't compete, we're going to lose. We're going to become a third world country and they're going to become like us."
瓦德瓦：“我们落伍了，现在是知识型经济，到处都是竞争。如果我们不留下这些人才，如果我们不竞争，我们就将失利。我们将变成第三世界国家，而他们就将取代我们今天的地位。”
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