This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.
这里是VOA慢速英语的新闻报道节目。
In recent days, Americans have lost two civil rights leaders of the twentieth century, Dorothy Height and Benjamin Hooks.
最近几天，美国已经接连失去了两位20世纪民权领袖，多萝西·海特(Dorothy Height)和本杰明·胡克斯（Benjamin Hooks）。
Dorothy Height died Tuesday at the age of ninety-eight. She witnessed more civil rights history than any other African-American leader of her time. She said the greatest change she witnessed was the ending of racial segregation laws in the United States.
多萝西·海特星期二去世，享年98岁。她比同时期的非洲裔领袖见证了更多的民权运动史。她说，她亲眼见证的最大变化是美国种族隔离法的终结。
She was the longtime chairwoman of the National Council of Negro Women. She was an activist, humanitarian and adviser to presidents including Barack Obama. He remembered her as "the godmother of the Civil Rights Movement."
她长期担任“全美黑人妇女协会”主席。她是一个活动家，人道主义者和总统顾问，包括奥巴马总统。奥巴马称她为“民权运动教母”。
Dorothy Height grew up in Pennsylvania. She won a four-year college scholarship, the top prize nationally in a public speaking contest on the Constitution.
多萝西·海特在宾夕法尼亚州长大。她参加了一个主题是“美国宪法”的演讲比赛，并获得全国最高奖励--四年的大学奖学金。
She arrived at school in New York City -- only to learn that an unwritten limit of "two Negro students per year" had already been met.
她抵达了位于纽约的学校 - 只得到一个不成文的规矩的“每年两名黑人学生”已经录满的答复。
DOROTHY HEIGHT: "I was accepted at Barnard College and I was denied admission when I arrived because they had a quota of two. And they did not know that I was not white. And so when I got there I was turned away."
多萝西·海特：“我被巴纳德学院录取，但当我到校时又被拒绝入校。因为他们只有两个（黑人学生录取）名额。他们不知道我不是白人。因此，当我到了那里，我又只能转身离去。”
Dorothy Height went on to earn bachelor and master's degrees in four years at New York University. She worked with Martin Luther King Junior in the push for civil rights for blacks in the nineteen fifties and sixties.
多萝西·海特转投纽约大学并获得学士和硕士学位。十九世纪五六十年代，她曾与马丁·路德金一起工作推动黑人民权运动。
Yet she had to push to make herself heard as a woman among mostly male civil rights leaders. She was the only woman standing nearby as Martin Luther King gave his "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington.
然而作为女性，她不得不使自己在众多男性民权领袖之中被人注意到，当马丁·路德金在华盛顿发表“我有一个梦想”的演讲时，她是身边唯一的女性。
Dorothy Height received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal for her work for racial and gender equality.
多萝西·海特为“种族和性别平等”而奋斗，获得了“总统自由奖”和“美国国会金质奖章”
Benjamin Hooks died last week at the age of eighty-five. He was a clergyman, lawyer and former head of the NAACP -- the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in two thousand seven.
本杰明·胡克斯于上周去世，享年85岁。他是一位牧师，律师和“美国有色人种促进会”前任会长。2007年，他获得“总统自由奖”。
Benjamin Hooks was born in Memphis, Tennessee, at a time when the southern city discriminated against blacks in all areas of public life.
本杰明·胡克斯出生于美国田纳西州的孟菲斯市，当时，这个南部城市在生活的各方面都对黑人存在歧视。
He enrolled in college but was drafted into the Army and served in Italy during World War Two. During training, he and other blacks were kept apart from the whites they trained with.
他在大学就读期间应征入伍，二战期间在意大利服役。在部队受训期间，他和其他黑人被与白人分隔开。
BENJAMIN HOOKS: "So when I came out of the Army, I had already decided I wanted to be part of breaking down segregation. Because I felt it had to be broken down. I felt it would be broken. So I consciously devoted my life to that."
本杰明·胡克斯：“因此退役后，我已经下定决心，要致力于打破种族隔离，因为我觉得，这种局面一定要打破，也一定会被打破，因此我有意识地投身于此。”
But because of his color no law school in Tennessee would admit him. So Benjamin Hooks enrolled at DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois, where he earned a law degree in nineteen forty-eight.
但由于他的肤色田纳西州没有任何一所法学院愿意录取他。因此本杰明·胡克斯前往伊利诺伊州，就读于芝加哥的德保尔大学，并于1948年获得法学学位。
Soon after that, he returned to Memphis to work with the NAACP. During the nineteen fifties, he helped organize non-violent sit-in protests and boycotts of segregated white businesses.
随后，他回到孟菲斯，为“美国有色人种促进会”工作。五十年代期间，他协助组织了很多非暴力静坐活动，抗议和抵制种族隔离。
He and Martin Luther King both wanted to create social change through a combination of moral persuasion and legislation. Martin Luther King spoke about changing white people's hearts and changing the laws. But Benjamin Hooks placed more importance on legal activism. He served as the director of the NAACP for fifteen years.
他和马丁·路德金都主张通过道德说教和立法程序相结合实现社会变革。马丁·路德金谈到改变白人的内心和改变法律。但本杰明·胡克斯更注重法律手段。他曾担任“美国有色人种促进会”会长长达15年。